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Type 1 diabetes

High blood sugar because the immune system destroys the cells that make insulin.

Compared within 2 studies that had both: 222 people with type 1 diabetes and 130 healthy people. 3 microbes are less common in people with type 1 diabetes, and 3 more common.

A difference is an association: it doesn’t mean these microbes cause, prevent or treat type 1 diabetes.

Phylum

Searching opens both lists and shows only matching rows.

Less common in type 1 diabetes · 3

Strongest first, then the biggest gap · Each figure is 10 people Strongest first · Each figure is 10 people
  1. Alistipes senegalensis in 2 studies Healthy 34% type 1 diabetes 17%
  2. Faecalibacillus intestinalis in 2 studies Healthy 85% type 1 diabetes 73%
  3. Desulfovibrio piger in 2 studies Healthy 21% type 1 diabetes 12%

More common in type 1 diabetes · 3

Strongest first, then the biggest gap · Each figure is 10 people Strongest first · Each figure is 10 people
  1. Lachnotalea sp. AF33-28 in 2 studies Healthy 12% type 1 diabetes 27%
  2. Pseudoflavonifractor phocaeensis in 2 studies Healthy 3.4% type 1 diabetes 13%
  3. Hungatella hathewayi in 2 studies Healthy 24% type 1 diabetes 41%

Where these numbers come from

Studies
Only GMrepo projects that had people with the condition and healthy people, 10 or more of each. Numbers come from those studies, never from pooling.Sampled in Australia, China.
How common
The share of people whose sample has any of it, in the people with the condition and in the healthy people of those same studies. Tested within studies (Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel, corrected for testing many microbes); a difference counts when it is clear and meaningful (Cohen’s h of 0.2 or more).
Strength word
Counted by code from how many studies point the same way: Seen again and again (3 or more, none clearly the other way), Seen more than once (2, the majority), Seen once (1, listed last). Where studies disagree, a row isn’t listed.
Each study
Tap a row for every study’s own numbers, and for how much carriers have.
Analysis
Our analysis of GMrepo data. GMrepo on Data sources · Read the rules

Also compared · 439 microbes

Compared within studies that had both, but not listed above.

Studies disagree · 1

No meaningful difference · 438
PubMed · human studies and reviews first

Recent research

All research on it
  1. Randomized trial European review for medical and pharmacological sciences · 2026
    Efficacy of inulin supplementation in metabolic control and Akkermansia muciniphila levels in subjects with type 1 diabetes: a pilot study.
    PubMed ↗
  2. Review Immunology · 2025
    Molecular Mimicry at the Gut-Immune Interface: A Mechanistic Link to Type 1 Diabetes.
    PubMed ↗
  3. Observational Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025
    Integrative oral and gut microbiome profiling highlights microbial correlates of complications in type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis.
    PubMed ↗
  4. Observational Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases · 2025
    Gut microbiome profiles and associated functional pathways are linked to Mediterranean diet adherence and blood glucose control in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
    PubMed ↗
  5. Meta-analysis Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
    Meta-analytical insight on probiotic metabolites and inflammatory markers in diabetes.
    PubMed ↗

Source: PubMed, U.S. National Library of Medicine · 61 linked papers, last 10 years