Randomized trial Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026 Effects of age, sex, and renal function on bowel movement-improving effects of Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 on constipation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease: A prespecified subgroup analysis of the BIRDIE study. Ikeda F, Sato J, Yoshii H, et al. Bifidobacterium bifidum PubMed ↗
Observational Renal failure · 2026 Gut microbiota biomarkers of chronic kidney disease progression identified by 16S rDNA sequencing and machine learning. Zhang Y, Zhang M, Liu S, et al. Lachnospira eligens PubMed ↗
Review Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026 Gut microbiota and renal fibrosis: novel mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential. Liu LM, He XF, Zhang YL, et al. Bacteroides fragilisBacteroides ovatusBifidobacterium animalisEggerthella lenta PubMed ↗
Clinical trial Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026 Efficacy of probiotics (Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease complicated by constipation: An exploratory, multicenter, open-label, single-arm study (BIRDIE study). Ikeda F, Sato J, Yoshii H, et al. Bifidobacterium bifidum PubMed ↗
Clinical trial Journal of renal nutrition · 2025 Prebiotic Administration to Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Modifies Their Fecal Microbiome and Host Metabolism. Raj DS, Gao B, Sohn MB, et al. Bifidobacterium adolescentisBifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Observational BMC microbiology · 2024 Does gut microbiota dysbiosis impact the metabolic alterations of hydrogen sulfide and lanthionine in patients with chronic kidney disease? Garcia-Martinez Y, Alexandrova E, Iebba V, et al. Alistipes indistinctusCoprococcus eutactusMediterraneibacter gnavusStreptococcus salivarius PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Nutrients · 2024 A Symbiotic Meal Containing Extruded Sorghum and Probiotic (Bifidobacterium longum) Ameliorated Intestinal Health Markers in Individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Secondary Analysis of a Subsample from a Previous Randomized and Controlled Clinical Trial. Lúcio HG, Lopes RCSO, Gomes MJC, et al. Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Pharmaceutical biology · 2024 Yi-Shen-Hua-Shi regulates intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and protects against proteinuria in patients with chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled study. Dong X, Zhang J, Li W, et al. [Clostridium] innocuum PubMed ↗
Review Current nutrition reports · 2024 The Interplay Between Dietary Choline and Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Review of Current Evidence. Vallianou NG, Kounatidis D, Psallida S, et al. Akkermansia muciniphilaFaecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Journal of renal nutrition · 2022 The Impact of Synbiotic Treatment on the Levels of Gut-Derived Uremic Toxins, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiome of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients-A Randomized Trial. Mitrović M, Stanković-Popović V, Tolinački M, et al. Bifidobacterium animalis PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Nutrients · 2022 Probiotics-Supplemented Low-Protein Diet for Microbiota Modulation in Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease (ProLowCKD): Results from a Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial. De Mauri A, Carrera D, Bagnati M, et al. Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Review Toxins · 2022 Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): An Omics Perspective. Lohia S, Vlahou A, Zoidakis J Bacteroides eggerthiiEggerthella lentaRoseburia faecis PubMed ↗
Meta-analysis International journal of medical sciences · 2021 Effects of Low Protein Diet on Modulating Gut Microbiota in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of International Studies. Hsu CK, Su SC, Chang LC, et al. Bacteroides eggerthiiRoseburia faecis PubMed ↗
Observational Frontiers in immunology · 2021 Alteration of the Gut Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients and Its Association With Serum Free Immunoglobulin Light Chains. Liu F, Xu X, Chao L, et al. Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2026 Effects of processed low-protein brown rice on patients with chronic kidney disease. Adachi K, Yasuda M, Ida M, et al. Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
International immunopharmacology · 2026 The immunomodulatory metabolite butyrate ameliorates renal fibrosis by restoring gut barrier integrity and suppressing the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. Liu G, Sun Q, Yan Q, et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
Science · 2026 Host-derived nitrate fuels indole production by Escherichia coli to drive chronic kidney disease progression. Lee JY, Mahan SP, Parente de Carvalho T, et al. Escherichia coli PubMed ↗
Life sciences · 2026 Investigating gut microbiome dysbiosis in adults with chronic kidney disease: Diabetes-induced alterations via metagenomics and qPCR. Gunasekaran Rajalakshmi S, K RB, Viswanathan P Bifidobacterium adolescentisFaecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
Nature microbiology · 2026 Host factors dictate gut microbiome alterations in chronic kidney disease more strongly than kidney function. Krukowski H, Valkenburg S, Vich Vila A, et al. Bifidobacterium adolescentis PubMed ↗
Kidney360 · 2025 Lactulose, a Disaccharide Prebiotic, Improves the Gut-Kidney Axis via Enhancement of Akkermansia Muciniphila Production. Sueyoshi M, Watanabe H, Goto M, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Comprehensive physiology · 2025 Metagenomic Profiling of Gut Microbiota in Kidney Precision Medicine Project Participants With CKD and AKI. Noel S, Patel SK, White J, et al. Dorea longicatenaGemmiger formicilisRoseburia hominisRoseburia intestinalis PubMed ↗
Cell host & microbe · 2025 Gut-microbiota-derived indole sulfate promotes heart failure in chronic kidney disease. Zhang Y, Han X, Feng T, et al. Escherichia coli PubMed ↗
Physiology & behavior · 2025 Gut microbiome mediates the causal relationship between chronic kidney disease and cognitive dysfunction: a mendelian randomization study. Zhou L, Wang Z, Wang M, et al. Faecalicatena fissicatena PubMed ↗
Scientific reports · 2025 Mendelian randomization study revealed a gut microbiota-immune system-kidney junction axis in chronic kidney disease. Tan J, Xiong Z, Yu S, et al. Alistipes indistinctusAlistipes putredinis PubMed ↗
Nature microbiology · 2025 Segatella copri and gut microbial ammonia metabolism contribute to chronic kidney disease pathogenesis. Lin S, Sun Z, Zhu X, et al. Segatella copriEscherichia coli PubMed ↗
Nutrients · 2025 Function of Yogurt Fermented with the Lactococcus lactis 11/19-B1 Strain in Improving the Lipid Profile and Intestinal Microbiome in Hemodialysis Patients. Suzuki Y, Ishioka K, Nakamura T, et al. Lactococcus lactis PubMed ↗
Medicine · 2024 Exploring the potential link between gut microbiota and chronic kidney disease in causality: A 2-sample Mendelian randomization study. Zhang WW, Huo JL, Xiao MD, et al. [Ruminococcus] torques PubMed ↗
Cell reports · 2024 Gut Bacteroides ovatus ameliorates renal fibrosis by promoting the production of HDCA through upregulation of Clostridium scindens. Si ZL, Wang HY, Wang T, et al. [Clostridium] scindensBacteroides ovatus PubMed ↗
Gut microbes · 2024 Prevotella copri promotes vascular calcification via lipopolysaccharide through activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Hao QY, Yan J, Wei JT, et al. Segatella copri PubMed ↗
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024 Uncovering specific taxonomic and functional alteration of gut microbiota in chronic kidney disease through 16S rRNA data. Zhang Y, Zhong W, Liu W, et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
Journal of renal nutrition · 2024 Longitudinal Pilot Evaluation of the Gut Microbiota Comparing Patients With and Without Chronic Kidney Disease. Pourafshar S, Sharma B, Allen J, et al. Bacteroides stercorisCoprococcus catus PubMed ↗
Frontiers in immunology · 2023 Genetic evidence supporting the causal role of gut microbiota in chronic kidney disease and chronic systemic inflammation in CKD: a bilateral two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Ren F, Jin Q, Jin Q, et al. Lachnospira eligens PubMed ↗
Cellular and molecular biology · 2023 Changes of Gut Microbiota in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients and Their Impact on Patient's Microinflammation Status. Zhang X, Wang Y, Yin Y, et al. Enterococcus faecalisEscherichia coli PubMed ↗
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023 Causal effects of gut microbiota on the risk of chronic kidney disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Luo M, Cai J, Luo S, et al. [Ruminococcus] torquesLachnospira eligens PubMed ↗
PloS one · 2023 Ameliorating effect of probiotics in a rat model of chronic kidney disease. Inatomi T, Honma M Enterococcus faecium PubMed ↗
Microbiome · 2023 Perturbed gut microbiome and fecal and serum metabolomes are associated with chronic kidney disease severity. Wang H, Ainiwaer A, Song Y, et al. Ruminococcus bromii PubMed ↗
PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022 Strongyloides stercoralis infection induces gut dysbiosis in chronic kidney disease patients. Hai NT, Hongsrichan N, Intuyod K, et al. Agathobacter rectalisAnaerobutyricum hallii PubMed ↗
Biomolecules · 2022 Vascular Calcification and the Gut and Blood Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis: A Pilot Study. Merino-Ribas A, Araujo R, Pereira L, et al. Lachnospira eligens PubMed ↗
Journal of renal nutrition · 2021 The Accumulation of Gut Microbiome-derived Indoxyl Sulfate and P-Cresyl Sulfate in Patients With End-stage Renal Disease. Lin X, Liang W, Li L, et al. Bacteroides caccaeBacteroides fragilis PubMed ↗
Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation · 2021 Metagenomic profiling of gut microbiome in early chronic kidney disease. Sato N, Kakuta M, Hasegawa T, et al. [Ruminococcus] lactaris[Ruminococcus] torquesBacteroides caccaeRoseburia inulinivorans PubMed ↗