Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus
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Its ID gene: the stretch scientists read to tell microbes apart. Each bar is one letter of its DNA. Every species has its own order of letters, so the pattern works like a fingerprint. Close relatives share most of it.
16S rRNA gene, V4 region: the 253 letters between the standard primers (515F/806R), which are the same in every species. One reference sequence; strains can differ by a letter or two. NCBI NR_113332.1
Formerly Lactobacillus rhamnosus.
Mid-sized for a gut microbe: longer than 45% of the 2,354 we have genomes for.
47% G+C, higher than 48% of gut microbes.
To scale: if its ID gene were 1 cm long, its genome would stretch 20 meters. Yours would stretch 21 kilometers. One reference genome; strains vary. NCBI GCF_900636965.1
What it can do
- Can make lactic acid What yogurt bacteria make; other microbes turn it into butyrate.
- Can make B vitamins Folate, B12, riboflavin and others.
- Can ferment fiber Breaks down dietary fiber that our own enzymes can't.
- Can eat inulin A fiber in onions, garlic, leeks, chicory and bananas (also sold as FOS).
- Can use lactose The sugar in milk and dairy.
Not seen in its genomes: make butyrate, make propionate, eat resistant starch, eat pectin, feed on gut mucus, change bile acids, make hydrogen sulfide, make methane.
All 13 capabilities and their evidence
| Capability | Verdict | Genome analysis | Lab tests | Published research |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Can make butyrate | Not seen | 0 of 11 genomes | — | No papers |
| Can make propionate | Not seen | 0 of 11 genomes | — | No papers |
| Can make lactic acid | Can | 11 of 11 genomes | — | No papers |
| Can ferment fiber | Can | 11 of 11 genomes | 2 of 132 strains · strip test Strip tests often miss fiber-eaters, so this doesn't override the genomes. | No papers |
| Can eat inulin | Can | 11 of 11 genomes | 0 of 95 strains · strip test Strip tests often miss fiber-eaters, so this doesn't override the genomes. | No papers |
| Can eat resistant starch | Not seen | 0 of 11 genomes | — | No papers |
| Can eat pectin | Not seen | 0 of 11 genomes | — | No papers |
| Can use lactose | Can | 11 of 11 genomes | 100 of 121 strains | Papers say yes |
| Can feed on gut mucus | Not seen | 0 of 11 genomes | — | No papers |
| Can change bile acids | Not seen | 0 of 11 genomes | — | No papers |
| Can make B vitamins | Can | 11 of 11 genomes | — | No papers |
| Can make hydrogen sulfide | Not seen | 0 of 11 genomes | — | No papers |
| Can make methane | Not seen | 0 of 11 genomes | — | No papers |
AGORA2 (Heinken et al. 2023) via VMH, CC BY 4.0 · BacDive (DSMZ), CC BY 4.0 · NJC19 (Lim et al., Scientific Data 2020), CC0
In healthy guts
Found in 2.9% of healthy people.
- largest Segatella copri 6.2%
- 2nd largest Phocaeicola vulgatus 5.0%
- 3rd largest Faecalibacterium prausnitzii 4.7%
- 4th largest Bacteroides uniformis 3.2%
- 5th largest Agathobacter rectalis 2.5%
- 6th largest Alistipes putredinis 2.3%
- 7th largest Bifidobacterium longum 2.1%
- 8th largest Ruminococcus bromii 1.8%
- top 15% Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus 0.02%
- 2,169 other microbes, each a sliver 56.7%
- 15.6%
On average, 0.02% of the microbes in a healthy gut: larger than 85% of species’ slices.
Every group, drawn the same way. Only some samples record age or sex, so each group says how many people it comes from. Tap one to see it above.
In conditions
Compared with healthy people in the same studies, it’s less common in none and more common in 1 condition. Only studies that had both are counted.
A difference is an association: it doesn’t mean this microbe causes, prevents or treats any of these.
Strongest first, then the biggest gap · Each figure is 10 peopleIn studies of how people live
Higher in omnivores than vegans
Fackelmann 2025 · 21,561 people Landmark study
Higher in 3 of 4 cohorts
Higher in vegetarians than vegans
Fackelmann 2025 · 21,561 people Landmark study
Higher in 4 of 4 cohorts
“Higher” is the study’s measure: on average, a bigger share of gut bacteria across everyone in the group, carriers or not. It isn’t how many people carry it. An association the authors report, measured once per person. It doesn’t mean a diet changes this microbe, or that the microbe affects health.
Recent research
Strains studied
How much each strain has been studied in people, not whether it works. Many trials test a strain inside a blend, so those are counted apart, and reviews are summaries of trials, so they're never counted as more trials.
57 strains of L. rhamnosus are named on product labels. 0 have human trials; 57 have none found yet, including GG, which is in 301 products.
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No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus Lr-32
In 173 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus HN001
In 83 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus HA-111
In 54 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus HA-114
In 27 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus UALr-18
In 23 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus GR-1
In 22 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus SD-5217
In 22 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus R0011
In 19 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus CUL-63
In 16 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus Lr-04
In 14 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus LR-05
In 14 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus 18fx
In 11 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus LR06
In 11 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus DSM 6594
In 10 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus UALr-06
In 10 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus VP-101
In 10 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus VP-11
In 10 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus VP-34
In 10 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus VP-6
In 10 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus SD-5839
In 9 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus L08R
In 8 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus LB3
In 7 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus ATCC SD5217
In 6 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus DSM 33560
In 6 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus HA-500
In 5 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus LBV 96
In 5 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus UALrh-18
In 5 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus LCS-742
In 4 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus PXN 54
In 4 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus R1039
In 3 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus UALP-05
In 3 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus VPro11
In 3 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus 6594
In 2 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus A119
In 2 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus CRL 1505
In 2 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus IMC-501
In 2 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus LMG P-29513
In 2 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus LRH020
In 2 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus NI332
In 2 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus R0343ND
In 2 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus Rosell-11
In 2 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus W71
In 2 products →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus HRVD113-US
In 1 product →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus KB-66
In 1 product →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus LR-4
In 1 product →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus LR5
In 1 product →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus LRa05
In 1 product →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus MAK79L08R
In 1 product →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus R-11
In 1 product →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus R0011ND
In 1 product →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus Rosell-11ND
In 1 product →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus RSB13
In 1 product →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus SP1
In 1 product →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus VP-65
In 1 product →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus VP-79
In 1 product →No human trials found yet
L. rhamnosus VP-80
In 1 product →No human trials found yet
Human trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews naming the strain · animal and lab studies not counted · Data sources