Limosilactobacillus reuteri
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Its ID gene: the stretch scientists read to tell microbes apart. Each bar is one letter of its DNA. Every species has its own order of letters, so the pattern works like a fingerprint. Close relatives share most of it.
16S rRNA gene, V4 region: the 253 letters between the standard primers (515F/806R), which are the same in every species. One reference sequence; strains can differ by a letter or two. NCBI NR_201926.1
Formerly Lactobacillus reuteri.
Small for a gut microbe: longer than 17% of the 2,354 we have genomes for.
39% G+C, higher than 23% of gut microbes.
To scale: if its ID gene were 1 cm long, its genome would stretch 14 meters. Yours would stretch 21 kilometers. One reference genome; strains vary. NCBI GCF_000439275.1
What it can do
- Can make lactic acid What yogurt bacteria make; other microbes turn it into butyrate.
- Can make B vitamins Folate, B12, riboflavin and others.
- Can ferment fiber Breaks down dietary fiber that our own enzymes can't.
- Can use lactose The sugar in milk and dairy.
- Can change bile acids Modifies the bile acids the liver makes to digest fat. 2 of 14 strains can
Not seen in its genomes or lab tests: make butyrate, make propionate, eat inulin, eat resistant starch, eat pectin, feed on gut mucus, make hydrogen sulfide, make methane.
All 13 capabilities and their evidence
| Capability | Verdict | Genome analysis | Lab tests | Published research |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Can make butyrate | Not seen | 0 of 14 genomes | — | No papers |
| Can make propionate | Not seen | 0 of 14 genomes | — | No papers |
| Can make lactic acid | Can | 14 of 14 genomes | — | Papers say yes |
| Can ferment fiber | Can | 14 of 14 genomes | 11 of 21 strains · strip test | Papers say yes |
| Can eat inulin | Not seen | 0 of 14 genomes | 0 of 14 strains · strip test | No papers |
| Can eat resistant starch | Not seen | 0 of 14 genomes | — | No papers |
| Can eat pectin | Not seen | 0 of 14 genomes | — | No papers |
| Can use lactose | Can | 0 of 14 genomes | 12 of 13 strains | Papers say yes |
| Can feed on gut mucus | Not seen | 0 of 14 genomes | — | No papers |
| Can change bile acids | Some strains | 2 of 14 genomes | — | No papers |
| Can make B vitamins | Can | 14 of 14 genomes | — | Papers say yes |
| Can make hydrogen sulfide | Not seen | 0 of 14 genomes | — | No papers |
| Can make methane | Not seen | 0 of 14 genomes | — | No papers |
AGORA2 (Heinken et al. 2023) via VMH, CC BY 4.0 · BacDive (DSMZ), CC BY 4.0 · NJC19 (Lim et al., Scientific Data 2020), CC0
In healthy guts
Found in under 1% of healthy people.
- largest Segatella copri 6.2%
- 2nd largest Phocaeicola vulgatus 5.0%
- 3rd largest Faecalibacterium prausnitzii 4.7%
- 4th largest Bacteroides uniformis 3.2%
- 5th largest Agathobacter rectalis 2.5%
- 6th largest Alistipes putredinis 2.3%
- 7th largest Bifidobacterium longum 2.1%
- 8th largest Ruminococcus bromii 1.8%
- Limosilactobacillus reuteri under 0.01%
- 2,169 other microbes, each a sliver 56.7%
- 15.6%
On average, a sliver, under 0.01% of the microbes in a healthy gut.
Every group, drawn the same way. Only some samples record age or sex, so each group says how many people it comes from. Tap one to see it above.
In conditions
Compared with healthy people in the same studies, it’s less common in none and more common in none. Only studies that had both are counted.
A difference is an association: it doesn’t mean this microbe causes, prevents or treats any of these.
Recent research
Strains studied
How much each strain has been studied in people, not whether it works. Many trials test a strain inside a blend, so those are counted apart, and reviews are summaries of trials, so they're never counted as more trials.
24 strains of L. reuteri are named on product labels. 0 have human trials; 24 have none found yet, including UALre-16, which is in 28 products.
L. reuteri UALre-16
In 28 products →No human trials found yet
L. reuteri 1E1
In 24 products →No human trials found yet
L. reuteri RC-14
In 22 products →No human trials found yet
L. reuteri SD-5865
In 17 products →No human trials found yet
L. reuteri LRE02
In 16 products →No human trials found yet
L. reuteri NCIMB 30242
In 11 products →No human trials found yet
L. reuteri VPLR-1
In 11 products →No human trials found yet
L. reuteri VP-108
In 10 products →No human trials found yet
L. reuteri VP-24
In 10 products →No human trials found yet
L. reuteri DSM 17938
In 7 products →No human trials found yet
L. reuteri HA-188
In 5 products →No human trials found yet
L. reuteri ATCC PTA 5289
In 4 products →No human trials found yet
L. reuteri SD-1357
In 4 products →No human trials found yet
L. reuteri E1E
In 3 products →No human trials found yet
L. reuteri ATCC PTA 6475
In 1 product →No human trials found yet
L. reuteri HR7
In 1 product →No human trials found yet
L. reuteri LRo8
In 1 product →No human trials found yet
L. reuteri MAK02L14R
In 1 product →No human trials found yet
L. reuteri NI351
In 1 product →No human trials found yet
L. reuteri RD830-FR
In 1 product →No human trials found yet
L. reuteri Rosell 444
In 1 product →No human trials found yet
L. reuteri VP-56
In 1 product →No human trials found yet
L. reuteri VP-66
In 1 product →No human trials found yet
L. reuteri VP-78
In 1 product →No human trials found yet
Human trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews naming the strain · animal and lab studies not counted · Data sources