Randomized trial Scientific reports · 2026 Effects of probiotic supplementation on disease progression in patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial. Saleh SE, Elnagar SSE, Fouda MA, et al. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PubMed ↗
Observational Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026 Alterations in gut microbiota among maintenance hemodialysis patients with CKD-associated pruritus: a cross-sectional comparative study of two cohorts. Huang M, Chen S, Wang Y, et al. Parasutterella PubMed ↗
Review Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis · 2026 Alpha-ketoglutarate alleviates chronic kidney disease via mitochondrial protection, gut microbiota, and metabolite remodeling. Xie J, Li H, Dou H, et al. AlistipesDorea PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026 Effects of age, sex, and renal function on bowel movement-improving effects of Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 on constipation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease: A prespecified subgroup analysis of the BIRDIE study. Ikeda F, Sato J, Yoshii H, et al. Bifidobacterium bifidum PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Gut microbes · 2026 Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WJL ameliorates chronic kidney disease by inhibiting fibroblast growth factor 21 adaptive stress response via low protein diet. Benoit B, Letourneau P, Verdier V, et al. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PubMed ↗
Observational Renal failure · 2026 Gut microbiota biomarkers of chronic kidney disease progression identified by 16S rDNA sequencing and machine learning. Zhang Y, Zhang M, Liu S, et al. Lachnospira eligens PubMed ↗
Review Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026 Research advancement on the correlation between gut microbiota and chronic kidney disease. Wu R, Yao G Bifidobacterium PubMed ↗
Review Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026 Gut microbiota and renal fibrosis: novel mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential. Liu LM, He XF, Zhang YL, et al. Bacteroides fragilisBacteroides ovatusBifidobacterium animalisEggerthella lenta +4 more PubMed ↗
Clinical trial Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026 Efficacy of probiotics (Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease complicated by constipation: An exploratory, multicenter, open-label, single-arm study (BIRDIE study). Ikeda F, Sato J, Yoshii H, et al. Bifidobacterium bifidum PubMed ↗
Clinical trial Journal of renal nutrition · 2025 Prebiotic Administration to Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Modifies Their Fecal Microbiome and Host Metabolism. Raj DS, Gao B, Sohn MB, et al. Bifidobacterium adolescentisBifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Observational Scientific reports · 2025 Dietary composition modulate gut microbiota and related biomarkers in patients with chronic kidney disease. Udomkarnjananun S, Chuaypen N, Metta K, et al. Eubacterium PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Scientific reports · 2025 Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus attenuates uremic toxins in patients with nondialysis chronic kidney disease through the anti-inflammatory molecules. Leelahavanichkul A, Phuengmaung P, Bhunyakarnjanarat T, et al. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus PubMed ↗
Observational The American journal of the medical sciences · 2025 A cross-sectional study on gut microbiota and inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease. Paiva BR, Schultz J, Modolon F, et al. AgathobacterAnaerobutyricumClostridiumCollinsella +1 more PubMed ↗
Observational BMC oral health · 2025 Characteristics of tongue coating microbiota in diabetic and non-diabetic kidney patients receiving hemodialysis. Luo Q, Chu S, Wu Y, et al. ActinomycesHaemophilusStreptococcusVeillonella PubMed ↗
Observational BMC nephrology · 2025 Gut microbiota and kidney function in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease participants in Cameroon: a cross-sectional study. Obolo Nwaga I, Nzana VB, Bughe RN, et al. BifidobacteriumPrevotella PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Scientific reports · 2024 Probiotic treatment induces changes in intestinal microbiota but does not alter SCFA levels in peritoneal dialysis patients-a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Zhou S, Yan Y, Chu R, et al. Lacticaseibacillus paracaseiBilophilaFusobacterium PubMed ↗
Observational BMC microbiology · 2024 Does gut microbiota dysbiosis impact the metabolic alterations of hydrogen sulfide and lanthionine in patients with chronic kidney disease? Garcia-Martinez Y, Alexandrova E, Iebba V, et al. Alistipes indistinctusCoprococcus eutactusMediterraneibacter gnavusStreptococcus salivarius +1 more PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Journal of renal nutrition · 2024 Effects of High Amylose-Resistant Starch on Gut Microbiota and Uremic Toxin Levels in Patients With Stage-G3a-G4 Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Trial. Headley SA, Chapman DJ, Germain MJ, et al. Subdoligranulum PubMed ↗
Observational International urology and nephrology · 2024 Potential Trimethylamine (TMA)-Producing Bacteria in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. Alvarenga L, Kemp JA, Schultz J, et al. ColidextribacterDoreaLachnospira PubMed ↗
Observational Journal of translational medicine · 2024 The compositional and functional imbalance of the gut microbiota in CKD linked to disease patterns. Li J, Shen Y, Yan K, et al. AkkermansiaBilophilaEscherichiaStreptococcus PubMed ↗
Observational Life sciences · 2024 Gut microbiota dynamics and association with chronic kidney disease: A longitudinal study within the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Atzeni A, Díaz-López A, Cacho AH, et al. LachnoclostridiumLachnospira PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Nutrients · 2024 A Symbiotic Meal Containing Extruded Sorghum and Probiotic (Bifidobacterium longum) Ameliorated Intestinal Health Markers in Individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Secondary Analysis of a Subsample from a Previous Randomized and Controlled Clinical Trial. Lúcio HG, Lopes RCSO, Gomes MJC, et al. Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Pharmaceutical biology · 2024 Yi-Shen-Hua-Shi regulates intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and protects against proteinuria in patients with chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled study. Dong X, Zhang J, Li W, et al. [Clostridium] innocuumEggerthellaFaecalibacteriumLachnoclostridium +1 more PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Nutrients · 2024 Changes in the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients Undergoing Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Arteaga-Muller GY, Flores-Treviño S, Bocanegra-Ibarias P, et al. Roseburia PubMed ↗
Review Current nutrition reports · 2024 The Interplay Between Dietary Choline and Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Review of Current Evidence. Vallianou NG, Kounatidis D, Psallida S, et al. Akkermansia muciniphilaFaecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
Observational Gut microbes · 2023 Association of the gut microbiome with kidney function and damage in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Peters BA, Qi Q, Usyk M, et al. EubacteriumFaecalibacteriumRoseburia PubMed ↗
Observational Journal of translational medicine · 2022 Salivary microbiome in chronic kidney disease: what is its connection to diabetes, hypertension, and immunity? Liu F, Sheng J, Hu L, et al. ActinomycesPrevotella PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Journal of renal nutrition · 2022 The Impact of Synbiotic Treatment on the Levels of Gut-Derived Uremic Toxins, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiome of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients-A Randomized Trial. Mitrović M, Stanković-Popović V, Tolinački M, et al. Bifidobacterium animalisLactobacillus acidophilusSubdoligranulum PubMed ↗
Observational Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022 Uremic Toxin-Producing Bacteroides Species Prevail in the Gut Microbiota of Taiwanese CKD Patients: An Analysis Using the New Taiwan Microbiome Baseline. Shivani S, Kao CY, Chattopadhyay A, et al. BacteroidesBlautia PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Nutrients · 2022 Probiotics-Supplemented Low-Protein Diet for Microbiota Modulation in Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease (ProLowCKD): Results from a Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial. De Mauri A, Carrera D, Bagnati M, et al. Bifidobacterium longumLimosilactobacillus reuteri PubMed ↗
Review Toxins · 2022 Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): An Omics Perspective. Lohia S, Vlahou A, Zoidakis J Bacteroides eggerthiiEggerthella lentaRoseburia faecisClostridium +1 more PubMed ↗
Clinical trial Nutrients · 2022 Curcumin Supplementation (Meriva®) Modulates Inflammation, Lipid Peroxidation and Gut Microbiota Composition in Chronic Kidney Disease. Pivari F, Mingione A, Piazzini G, et al. Lachnoclostridium PubMed ↗
Systematic review Renal failure · 2021 Specific alterations in gut microbiota in patients with chronic kidney disease: an updated systematic review. Zhao J, Ning X, Liu B, et al. CoprococcusDesulfovibrioEscherichiaFaecalibacterium +4 more PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Journal of renal nutrition · 2021 Diet Quality and Protein-Bound Uraemic Toxins: Investigation of Novel Risk Factors and the Role of Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease. McFarlane C, Krishnasamy R, Stanton T, et al. PrevotellaSubdoligranulum PubMed ↗
Meta-analysis International journal of medical sciences · 2021 Effects of Low Protein Diet on Modulating Gut Microbiota in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of International Studies. Hsu CK, Su SC, Chang LC, et al. Bacteroides eggerthiiRoseburia faecisStreptococcus PubMed ↗
Systematic review BioMed research international · 2021 Clostridioides difficile Infection in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review. Mihaescu A, Augustine AM, Khokhar HT, et al. PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Molecular nutrition & food research · 2021 The Impact of Enriched Resistant Starch Type-2 Cookies on the Gut Microbiome in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Kemp JA, Regis de Paiva B, Fragoso Dos Santos H, et al. DialisterRoseburiaRuminococcus PubMed ↗
Observational Frontiers in immunology · 2021 Alteration of the Gut Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients and Its Association With Serum Free Immunoglobulin Light Chains. Liu F, Xu X, Chao L, et al. Bifidobacterium longumAlistipes PubMed ↗
Observational NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2021 Gut dysbiosis and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Lin TY, Wu PH, Lin YT, et al. Anaerostipes PubMed ↗
Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2026 Effects of processed low-protein brown rice on patients with chronic kidney disease. Adachi K, Yasuda M, Ida M, et al. Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Microbiology spectrum · 2026 Linkage of gut microbiota dysbiosis to chronic kidney disease in patients with graded proteinuria levels. Wang P, Wang M, Shen Y, et al. AkkermansiaCoprococcusFaecalibacteriumHaemophilus +2 more PubMed ↗
Indian journal of medical microbiology · 2026 Automating Microbial Community Analysis (AMCA): Development and application of an amplicon based graphical pipeline in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Rana N, Tiewsoh K, Ray P, et al. Faecalibacterium PubMed ↗
International immunopharmacology · 2026 The immunomodulatory metabolite butyrate ameliorates renal fibrosis by restoring gut barrier integrity and suppressing the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. Liu G, Sun Q, Yan Q, et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
Science · 2026 Host-derived nitrate fuels indole production by Escherichia coli to drive chronic kidney disease progression. Lee JY, Mahan SP, Parente de Carvalho T, et al. Escherichia coli PubMed ↗
Life sciences · 2026 Investigating gut microbiome dysbiosis in adults with chronic kidney disease: Diabetes-induced alterations via metagenomics and qPCR. Gunasekaran Rajalakshmi S, K RB, Viswanathan P Bifidobacterium adolescentisFaecalibacterium prausnitziiCollinsellaDialister +2 more PubMed ↗
Nature microbiology · 2026 Host factors dictate gut microbiome alterations in chronic kidney disease more strongly than kidney function. Krukowski H, Valkenburg S, Vich Vila A, et al. Bifidobacterium adolescentisAlistipes PubMed ↗
Kidney360 · 2025 Lactulose, a Disaccharide Prebiotic, Improves the Gut-Kidney Axis via Enhancement of Akkermansia Muciniphila Production. Sueyoshi M, Watanabe H, Goto M, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
International journal of molecular sciences · 2025 Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HY7718 Attenuates Renal Injury in an Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Mouse Model via Inhibition of Inflammation and Apoptosis. Kim H, Jeong JW, Jeong H, et al. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PubMed ↗
Comprehensive physiology · 2025 Metagenomic Profiling of Gut Microbiota in Kidney Precision Medicine Project Participants With CKD and AKI. Noel S, Patel SK, White J, et al. Dorea longicatenaGemmiger formicilisRoseburia hominisRoseburia intestinalis +3 more PubMed ↗
Cell host & microbe · 2025 Gut-microbiota-derived indole sulfate promotes heart failure in chronic kidney disease. Zhang Y, Han X, Feng T, et al. Escherichia coli PubMed ↗