Observational Molecular genetics and metabolism · 2026 Gut microbiota alterations in individuals with mitochondrial disease caused by the m.3243A >G mutation. de Bruijn DGJ, Gusinac A, Ederveen THA, et al. [Ruminococcus] torquesEscherichia coliFaecalibacterium prausnitziiMediterraneibacter gnavus PubMed ↗
Randomized trial European review for medical and pharmacological sciences · 2026 Efficacy of inulin supplementation in metabolic control and Akkermansia muciniphila levels in subjects with type 1 diabetes: a pilot study. Ojetti V, Saviano A, Rizzi A, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Review Immunology · 2025 Molecular Mimicry at the Gut-Immune Interface: A Mechanistic Link to Type 1 Diabetes. Chen S, Luo Y, Wei G, et al. Parabacteroides distasonis PubMed ↗
Observational Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025 Integrative oral and gut microbiome profiling highlights microbial correlates of complications in type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis. Tang R, Shi M, Ji X, et al. Anaerobutyricum halliiBlautia wexleraeRoseburia inulinivorans PubMed ↗
Observational Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases · 2025 Gut microbiome profiles and associated functional pathways are linked to Mediterranean diet adherence and blood glucose control in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Abuqwider J, Pasolli E, Scidà G, et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
Meta-analysis Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025 Meta-analytical insight on probiotic metabolites and inflammatory markers in diabetes. Xie Y, Zheng Y, Jiang F, et al. Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Observational Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024 Gut microbiota and metabolic profiles in adults with unclassified diabetes: a cross-sectional study. Zhang J, Wu L, Zhang Z, et al. [Ruminococcus] torques PubMed ↗
Review Beneficial microbes · 2023 Bifidobacterium adolescentis - a beneficial microbe. Leser T, Baker A Bifidobacterium adolescentis PubMed ↗
Systematic review Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023 Gut microbiome and blood glucose control in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review. Abuqwider J, Corrado A, Scidà G, et al. Dorea formicigenerans PubMed ↗
Review International journal of molecular sciences · 2023 Type I Diabetes Pathoetiology and Pathophysiology: Roles of the Gut Microbiome, Pancreatic Cellular Interactions, and the 'Bystander' Activation of Memory CD8+ T Cells. Anderson G Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Randomized trial The Journal of nutrition · 2022 Associations of Dietary Intake with the Intestinal Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Among Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes and Overweight or Obesity. Igudesman D, Crandell JL, Corbin KD, et al. Mediterraneibacter gnavus PubMed ↗
Observational Frontiers in immunology · 2022 High-risk genotypes for type 1 diabetes are associated with the imbalance of gut microbiome and serum metabolites. Yue T, Tan H, Wang C, et al. Parabacteroides distasonisSegatella copri PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022 Adjuvant Probiotics of Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius AP-32, L. johnsonii MH-68, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CP-9 Attenuate Glycemic Levels and Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Wang CH, Yen HR, Lu WL, et al. Bifidobacterium animalisLigilactobacillus salivariusAkkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Observational World journal of gastroenterology · 2021 Gut microbiota dysbiosis in Chinese children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: An observational study. Liu X, Cheng YW, Shao L, et al. Anaerobutyricum halliiAnaerostipes hadrusBacteroides ovatusBacteroides xylanisolvens +3 more PubMed ↗
Randomized trial BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2021 Lack of effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 on beta-cell function in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Groele L, Szajewska H, Szalecki M, et al. Bifidobacterium animalis PubMed ↗
Observational International journal of molecular sciences · 2021 Distinctive Microbial Signatures and Gut-Brain Crosstalk in Pediatric Patients with Coeliac Disease and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Singh P, Rawat A, Al-Jarrah B, et al. Escherichia coli PubMed ↗
Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026 Multi-omics reveals microbiota, metabolite, and immunological heterogeneity of age-related endotypes in type 1 diabetes. Pan L, Tan H, Yue T, et al. Dialister invisus PubMed ↗
Cellular and molecular life sciences · 2025 Lactococcus lactis-HSP65 requires TLR2 to induce tolerogenic dendritic cells and confer protection against type 1 diabetes in a murine model. Elias-Oliveira J, Rodrigues VF, Pereira ÍS, et al. Lactococcus lactis PubMed ↗
Immunology · 2025 Human Gut Commensal Bacteroides fragilis Suppresses Mucin Production and Alters Microbiota Composition Resulting in Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes in Mice. Gudi RR, Taylor H, Johnson BM, et al. Bacteroides fragilisAkkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025 Gut Microbial Changes Associated With Obesity in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes. Ismail HM, Perera D, Mandal R, et al. Segatella copri PubMed ↗
Diabetologia · 2024 Gut microbiome shifts in people with type 1 diabetes are associated with glycaemic control: an INNODIA study. Vatanen T, de Beaufort C, Marcovecchio ML, et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
ImmunoHorizons · 2023 Gut Microbiota Is Associated with Onset and Severity of Type 1 Diabetes in Nonobese Diabetic Mice Treated with Anti-PD-1. Patel S, Becker E, Ploix C, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023 Gut microbiota and type 1 diabetes: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Luo M, Sun M, Wang T, et al. Lachnospira eligens PubMed ↗
EBioMedicine · 2023 Alterations of the intestinal mucus layer correlate with dysbiosis and immune dysregulation in human Type 1 Diabetes. Lo Conte M, Cosorich I, Ferrarese R, et al. Roseburia intestinalis PubMed ↗
Cell host & microbe · 2023 Microbiota-dependent proteolysis of gluten subverts diet-mediated protection against type 1 diabetes. Funsten MC, Yurkovetskiy LA, Kuznetsov A, et al. Enterococcus faecalis PubMed ↗
Microbiome · 2022 Alterations of oral microbiota and impact on the gut microbiome in type 1 diabetes mellitus revealed by integrated multi-omic analyses. Kunath BJ, Hickl O, Queirós P, et al. Streptococcus salivarius PubMed ↗
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022 A gut microbial peptide and molecular mimicry in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Girdhar K, Huang Q, Chow IT, et al. Parabacteroides distasonis PubMed ↗
PLoS biology · 2022 Systematically assessing microbiome-disease associations identifies drivers of inconsistency in metagenomic research. Tierney BT, Tan Y, Yang Z, et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
Diabetes care · 2022 The Gut Microbiome of Adults With Type 1 Diabetes and Its Association With the Host Glycemic Control. Shilo S, Godneva A, Rachmiel M, et al. [Eubacterium] siraeumFaecalibacterium prausnitziiSegatella copri PubMed ↗
Microbiome · 2022 Metabolite-based dietary supplementation in human type 1 diabetes is associated with microbiota and immune modulation. Bell KJ, Saad S, Tillett BJ, et al. Bifidobacterium adolescentisBifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2022 Women with type 1 diabetes exhibit a progressive increase in gut Saccharomyces cerevisiae in pregnancy associated with evidence of gut inflammation. Bandala-Sanchez E, Roth-Schulze AJ, Oakey H, et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
BMJ open · 2021 Supplementation with Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis EVC001 for mitigation of type 1 diabetes autoimmunity: the GPPAD-SINT1A randomised controlled trial protocol. Ziegler AG, Arnolds S, Kölln A, et al. Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Immunology letters · 2021 Oral probiotic promotes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase- and TGF-β-Producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells to initiate protection against type 1 diabetes. Nelson AS, Akgul A, Maddaloni M, et al. Lactococcus lactis PubMed ↗
Animal study International journal of molecular sciences · 2026 Metagenomic Insights into Gut Microbiota Alterations Following Dendrobium huoshanense Water Extract Intervention in Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetic Rats. Xu HJ, Liu QL, Zhang YF, et al. Adlercreutzia equolifaciens PubMed ↗
Animal study Frontiers in immunology · 2026 Extracellular vesicles from Akkermansia muciniphila protect streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by regulating glucose homeostasis, oxidative stress, and immune tolerance. Chang Y, Zhang C, Li Z, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Animal study Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025 Investigation of the Protective Effects of Synbiotic Buffalo Kefir in Rats With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Buran I, Secgin S, Akal HC, et al. Bifidobacterium bifidum PubMed ↗
Animal study Microbiome · 2025 Alternate day fasting alleviates neuroinflammation in diabetic mice by regulating δ-valerobetaine-carnitine-microglia axis via enrichment of Akkermansia muciniphila. Gong K, Zhang S, Pan Y, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Animal study Journal of molecular endocrinology · 2025 Impact of Parabacteroides distasonis colonization on host microbiome, metabolome, immunity, and diabetes onset. Girdhar K, Randall A, Mine K, et al. Parabacteroides distasonis PubMed ↗
Animal study Life sciences · 2025 Akkermansia muciniphila restrains type 1 diabetes onset by eliciting cDC2 and Treg cell differentiation in NOD and STZ-induced experimental models. Rodrigues VF, Elias-Oliveira J, Pereira ÍS, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Animal study Journal of diabetes · 2024 Probiotic treatment with viable α-galactosylceramide-producing Bacteroides fragilis reduces diabetes incidence in female nonobese diabetic mice. Hansen CHF, Jozipovic D, Zachariassen LF, et al. Bacteroides fragilis PubMed ↗
Animal study Journal of leukocyte biology · 2024 Inulin prebiotic ameliorates type 1 diabetes dictating regulatory T cell homing via CCR4 to pancreatic islets and butyrogenic gut microbiota in murine model. Guimarães JB, Rodrigues VF, Pereira ÍS, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Animal study Discovery medicine · 2024 Profiling the Gut Microbiome Unraveled Signature Bacterial Groups in Autoimmune Diabetes, which Remain Unperturbed by the Low Ionic Strength of the Drinking Water in NOD mice. Jayaraman S, Babu M, Saw TA, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Animal study Frontiers in immunology · 2023 A diet enriched in omega-3 PUFA and inulin prevents type 1 diabetes by restoring gut barrier integrity and immune homeostasis in NOD mice. Lo Conte M, Antonini Cencicchio M, Ulaszewska M, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Animal study Drug design, development and therapy · 2021 Cinnamaldehyde Improves Metabolic Functions in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice by Regulating Gut Microbiota. Zhao H, Wu H, Duan M, et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗