Observational JAMA network open · 2026 Probiotics and Risk of Death, Necrotizing Enterocolitis, and Sepsis in Very Preterm Infants. Mitha A, Söderquist Kruth S, Sinervo E, et al. Bifidobacterium animalisBifidobacterium longumStreptococcus thermophilus PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Pediatric research · 2025 L.Fermentum CECT5716 and B.Breve CECT7263 on premature infants morbidities: a randomized clinical trial. Hurtado Suazo JA, Alonso Ojembarrena A, Sánchez Tamayo T, et al. Bifidobacterium breve PubMed ↗
Meta-analysis The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine · 2025 Efficacy of probiotic supplementation in preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Abdullahi AM, Zhao S, Xu Y Bifidobacterium bifidum PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Medicine · 2024 Effects of synbiotics on necrotizing enterocolitis and full enteral feeding in very low birth weight infants: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Mahboobipour AA, Bitaraf A, Mohammadi P, et al. Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Meta-analysis Medicine · 2023 Can Enterococcus faecium prevent NEC in preterm infants?: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Men G, Wang L, Lu X, et al. Enterococcus faecium PubMed ↗
Meta-analysis Pediatric research · 2023 Bifidobacterium infantis as a probiotic in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Batta VK, Rao SC, Patole SK Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Systematic review Nutrients · 2022 The Metabolome and the Gut Microbiota for the Prediction of Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Spontaneous Intestinal Perforation: A Systematic Review. Moschino L, Verlato G, Duci M, et al. Phocaeicola dorei PubMed ↗
Observational Beneficial microbes · 2021 Effectiveness of two probiotics in preventing necrotising enterocolitis in a cohort of very-low-birth-weight premature new-borns. Uberos J, Campos-Martinez A, Fernandez-Marín E, et al. Bifidobacterium bifidum PubMed ↗
Observational Pediatrics and neonatology · 2021 Risk factors for hyperglycemia in extremely low birth weight infants during the first 14 days. Inage Y, Hirano D, Nakagawa A, et al. Bifidobacterium breve PubMed ↗
Systematic review Nutrients · 2021 Probiotics for Preventing Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants: A Network Meta-Analysis. Beghetti I, Panizza D, Lenzi J, et al. Bifidobacterium animalis PubMed ↗
Observational Gut microbes · 2021 The effect of early probiotic exposure on the preterm infant gut microbiome development. Hui Y, Smith B, Mortensen MS, et al. Bifidobacterium animalis PubMed ↗
JAMA network open · 2026 Probiotic Implementation and Necrotizing Enterocolitis Risk in Preterm Infants. Imren C, Jongejans V, Onland W, et al. Bifidobacterium animalisBifidobacterium longumStreptococcus thermophilus PubMed ↗
Cell reports. Medicine · 2026 Gut-microbiota-derived 3-indoleacrylic acid alleviates neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis by inhibiting epithelial necroptosis. Dong X, Wang M, Wang B, et al. Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
The Journal of pediatrics · 2025 Increase in Necrotizing Enterocolitis with Cessation of Bifidobacteriumlongum ssp. infantis Administration in Very Low Birthweight Infants: A Single Center Retrospective Cohort Study. Selesner L, Hedges M, Pung R, et al. Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Food & function · 2025 From microbiota to metabolomics: how Bifidobacterium infantis YLGB-1496 shields neonates from necrotizing enterocolitis. Li J, Lan H, Liu Y, et al. Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Scientific reports · 2025 An early post-birth immune-microbiota landscape predicts the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in term newborns with congenital heart defects. Zaikova E, Kaplina A, Belozertsev D, et al. Mediterraneibacter gnavus PubMed ↗
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025 Characterization of gut microbiota signatures in Indian preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis: a shotgun metagenomic approach. Devarajalu P, Attri SV, Kumar J, et al. Klebsiella pneumoniae PubMed ↗
Nutrients · 2025 Butyrate Producers in Very Low Birth Weight Infants with Neither Culture-Proven Sepsis nor Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Thatrimontrichai A, Praditaukrit M, Maneenil G, et al. Bacteroides fragilis PubMed ↗
Gut microbes · 2024 Infant feces-derived Lactobacillus gasseri FWJL-4 mitigates experimental necrotizing enterocolitis via acetate production. Pan LL, Sun Y, Dong X, et al. Lactobacillus gasseri PubMed ↗
Journal of perinatology · 2024 Bifidobacterium longum subsp infantis (EVC001) is associated with reduced incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis stage ≥2 and bloody stools in premature babies. Sohn K, Palacios V, Clark R Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Folia microbiologica · 2024 Role of gut microbiome in developing necrotizing enterocolitis. Karaca C, Takcı HAM Clostridium fessum PubMed ↗
Gut microbes · 2024 Fecal virus-like particles are sufficient to reduce necrotizing enterocolitis. Offersen SM, Mao X, Spiegelhauer MR, et al. Klebsiella pneumoniae PubMed ↗
Gut microbes · 2024 Bacteroides fragilis alleviates necrotizing enterocolitis through restoring bile acid metabolism balance using bile salt hydrolase and inhibiting FXR-NLRP3 signaling pathway. Chen Z, Chen H, Huang W, et al. Bacteroides fragilis PubMed ↗
Early human development · 2024 No differences were observed in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis and late-onset sepsis among preterm infants who received either single-species or multi-species probiotics. Korček P, Straňák Z Bifidobacterium bifidumBifidobacterium breveBifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Trials · 2024 Probiotic supplementation and risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and mortality among extremely preterm infants-the Probiotics in Extreme Prematurity in Scandinavia (PEPS) trial: study protocol for a multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, and registry-based randomized controlled trial. Kruth SS, Willers C, Persad E, et al. Bifidobacterium animalisBifidobacterium longumStreptococcus thermophilus PubMed ↗
American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2023 Clostridium scindens exacerbates experimental necrotizing enterocolitis via upregulation of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter. Calton CM, Carothers K, Ramamurthy S, et al. [Clostridium] scindens PubMed ↗
mSystems · 2023 Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium tyrobutyricum: angel or devil for necrotizing enterocolitis? Tao R, Zong G, Pan Y, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
PloS one · 2023 Identification and evaluation of probiotic potential of Bifidobacterium breve AHC3 isolated from chicken intestines and its effect on necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in newborn SD rats. Lin X, Wu C Bifidobacterium breve PubMed ↗
Acta paediatrica · 2023 Neonatal outcomes following introduction of routine probiotic supplementation to very preterm infants. Healy DB, Campbell-Green B, Livingstone V, et al. Bifidobacterium bifidum PubMed ↗
BMJ paediatrics open · 2023 How frequent is routine use of probiotics in UK neonatal units? Patel N, NeoTRIPS Collaborative Group, Evans K, et al. Bifidobacterium bifidum PubMed ↗
Scientific reports · 2023 Effectiveness of a probiotic combination on the neurodevelopment of the very premature infant. Baucells BJ, Sebastiani G, Herrero-Aizpurua L, et al. Bifidobacterium bifidum PubMed ↗
Nutrients · 2023 Probiotics and Human Milk Differentially Influence the Gut Microbiome and NEC Incidence in Preterm Pigs. Melendez Hebib V, Taft DH, Stoll B, et al. Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Scientific reports · 2023 High-resolution microbiome analysis reveals exclusionary Klebsiella species competition in preterm infants at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis. Coleman S, Unterhauser K, Rezaul K, et al. Enterococcus faecalisKlebsiella pneumoniae PubMed ↗
Nutrients · 2022 Protective Effects and Mechanism of a Novel Probiotic Strain Ligilactobacillus salivarius YL20 against Cronobacter sakazakii-Induced Necrotizing Enterocolitis In Vitro and In Vivo. Wang W, Geng M, Zhu C, et al. Ligilactobacillus salivarius PubMed ↗
Nutrients · 2022 Neonatal Morbidities and Feeding Tolerance Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants, before and after Introduction of Probiotic Supplementation. Mitha A, Kruth SS, Bjurman S, et al. Bifidobacterium animalisBifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
The Journal of surgical research · 2022 Efficacy of Probiotic Consortium Transplantation on Experimental Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Tian B, Zhang Y, Deng C, et al. Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
mBio · 2022 Highly Specialized Carbohydrate Metabolism Capability in Bifidobacterium Strains Associated with Intestinal Barrier Maturation in Early Preterm Infants. Ma B, Sundararajan S, Nadimpalli G, et al. Bifidobacterium breve PubMed ↗
Nutrients · 2022 Effects of Taro (Colocasia esculenta) Water-Soluble Non-Starch Polysaccharide, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Their Synbiotic Mixtures on Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-8 Production. Anwar M, Mros S, McConnell M, et al. Bifidobacterium breveBifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
The Journal of pediatrics · 2022 Bifidobacterium infantis, Necrotizing Enterocolitis, Death, and the Role of Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Underwood MA Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Nutrients · 2022 Bifidobacterium longum Subspecies infantis Strain EVC001 Decreases Neonatal Murine Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Lueschow SR, Boly TJ, Frese SA, et al. Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗