Observational Molecular genetics and metabolism · 2026 Gut microbiota alterations in individuals with mitochondrial disease caused by the m.3243A >G mutation. de Bruijn DGJ, Gusinac A, Ederveen THA, et al. [Ruminococcus] torquesEscherichia coliFaecalibacterium prausnitziiMediterraneibacter gnavus PubMed ↗
Randomized trial European review for medical and pharmacological sciences · 2026 Efficacy of inulin supplementation in metabolic control and Akkermansia muciniphila levels in subjects with type 1 diabetes: a pilot study. Ojetti V, Saviano A, Rizzi A, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Review Immunology · 2025 Molecular Mimicry at the Gut-Immune Interface: A Mechanistic Link to Type 1 Diabetes. Chen S, Luo Y, Wei G, et al. Parabacteroides distasonis PubMed ↗
Observational Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025 Integrative oral and gut microbiome profiling highlights microbial correlates of complications in type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis. Tang R, Shi M, Ji X, et al. Anaerobutyricum halliiBlautia wexleraeRoseburia inulinivorans PubMed ↗
Observational Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases · 2025 Gut microbiome profiles and associated functional pathways are linked to Mediterranean diet adherence and blood glucose control in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Abuqwider J, Pasolli E, Scidà G, et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
Meta-analysis Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025 Meta-analytical insight on probiotic metabolites and inflammatory markers in diabetes. Xie Y, Zheng Y, Jiang F, et al. Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Observational Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024 Gut microbiota and metabolic profiles in adults with unclassified diabetes: a cross-sectional study. Zhang J, Wu L, Zhang Z, et al. [Ruminococcus] torques PubMed ↗
Review Beneficial microbes · 2023 Bifidobacterium adolescentis - a beneficial microbe. Leser T, Baker A Bifidobacterium adolescentis PubMed ↗
Systematic review Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023 Gut microbiome and blood glucose control in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review. Abuqwider J, Corrado A, Scidà G, et al. Dorea formicigenerans PubMed ↗
Review International journal of molecular sciences · 2023 Type I Diabetes Pathoetiology and Pathophysiology: Roles of the Gut Microbiome, Pancreatic Cellular Interactions, and the 'Bystander' Activation of Memory CD8+ T Cells. Anderson G Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Randomized trial The Journal of nutrition · 2022 Associations of Dietary Intake with the Intestinal Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Among Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes and Overweight or Obesity. Igudesman D, Crandell JL, Corbin KD, et al. Mediterraneibacter gnavus PubMed ↗
Observational Frontiers in immunology · 2022 High-risk genotypes for type 1 diabetes are associated with the imbalance of gut microbiome and serum metabolites. Yue T, Tan H, Wang C, et al. Parabacteroides distasonisSegatella copri PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022 Adjuvant Probiotics of Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius AP-32, L. johnsonii MH-68, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CP-9 Attenuate Glycemic Levels and Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Wang CH, Yen HR, Lu WL, et al. Bifidobacterium animalisLigilactobacillus salivariusAkkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Observational World journal of gastroenterology · 2021 Gut microbiota dysbiosis in Chinese children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: An observational study. Liu X, Cheng YW, Shao L, et al. Anaerobutyricum halliiAnaerostipes hadrusBacteroides ovatusBacteroides xylanisolvens +3 more PubMed ↗
Randomized trial BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2021 Lack of effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 on beta-cell function in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Groele L, Szajewska H, Szalecki M, et al. Bifidobacterium animalis PubMed ↗
Observational International journal of molecular sciences · 2021 Distinctive Microbial Signatures and Gut-Brain Crosstalk in Pediatric Patients with Coeliac Disease and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Singh P, Rawat A, Al-Jarrah B, et al. Escherichia coli PubMed ↗
Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026 Multi-omics reveals microbiota, metabolite, and immunological heterogeneity of age-related endotypes in type 1 diabetes. Pan L, Tan H, Yue T, et al. Dialister invisus PubMed ↗
Cellular and molecular life sciences · 2025 Lactococcus lactis-HSP65 requires TLR2 to induce tolerogenic dendritic cells and confer protection against type 1 diabetes in a murine model. Elias-Oliveira J, Rodrigues VF, Pereira ÍS, et al. Lactococcus lactis PubMed ↗
Immunology · 2025 Human Gut Commensal Bacteroides fragilis Suppresses Mucin Production and Alters Microbiota Composition Resulting in Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes in Mice. Gudi RR, Taylor H, Johnson BM, et al. Bacteroides fragilisAkkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025 Gut Microbial Changes Associated With Obesity in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes. Ismail HM, Perera D, Mandal R, et al. Segatella copri PubMed ↗
Diabetologia · 2024 Gut microbiome shifts in people with type 1 diabetes are associated with glycaemic control: an INNODIA study. Vatanen T, de Beaufort C, Marcovecchio ML, et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
ImmunoHorizons · 2023 Gut Microbiota Is Associated with Onset and Severity of Type 1 Diabetes in Nonobese Diabetic Mice Treated with Anti-PD-1. Patel S, Becker E, Ploix C, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023 Gut microbiota and type 1 diabetes: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Luo M, Sun M, Wang T, et al. Lachnospira eligens PubMed ↗
EBioMedicine · 2023 Alterations of the intestinal mucus layer correlate with dysbiosis and immune dysregulation in human Type 1 Diabetes. Lo Conte M, Cosorich I, Ferrarese R, et al. Roseburia intestinalis PubMed ↗
Cell host & microbe · 2023 Microbiota-dependent proteolysis of gluten subverts diet-mediated protection against type 1 diabetes. Funsten MC, Yurkovetskiy LA, Kuznetsov A, et al. Enterococcus faecalis PubMed ↗
Microbiome · 2022 Alterations of oral microbiota and impact on the gut microbiome in type 1 diabetes mellitus revealed by integrated multi-omic analyses. Kunath BJ, Hickl O, Queirós P, et al. Streptococcus salivarius PubMed ↗
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022 A gut microbial peptide and molecular mimicry in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Girdhar K, Huang Q, Chow IT, et al. Parabacteroides distasonis PubMed ↗
PLoS biology · 2022 Systematically assessing microbiome-disease associations identifies drivers of inconsistency in metagenomic research. Tierney BT, Tan Y, Yang Z, et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
Diabetes care · 2022 The Gut Microbiome of Adults With Type 1 Diabetes and Its Association With the Host Glycemic Control. Shilo S, Godneva A, Rachmiel M, et al. [Eubacterium] siraeumFaecalibacterium prausnitziiSegatella copri PubMed ↗
Microbiome · 2022 Metabolite-based dietary supplementation in human type 1 diabetes is associated with microbiota and immune modulation. Bell KJ, Saad S, Tillett BJ, et al. Bifidobacterium adolescentisBifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2022 Women with type 1 diabetes exhibit a progressive increase in gut Saccharomyces cerevisiae in pregnancy associated with evidence of gut inflammation. Bandala-Sanchez E, Roth-Schulze AJ, Oakey H, et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
BMJ open · 2021 Supplementation with Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis EVC001 for mitigation of type 1 diabetes autoimmunity: the GPPAD-SINT1A randomised controlled trial protocol. Ziegler AG, Arnolds S, Kölln A, et al. Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Immunology letters · 2021 Oral probiotic promotes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase- and TGF-β-Producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells to initiate protection against type 1 diabetes. Nelson AS, Akgul A, Maddaloni M, et al. Lactococcus lactis PubMed ↗
Animal study International journal of molecular sciences · 2026 Metagenomic Insights into Gut Microbiota Alterations Following Dendrobium huoshanense Water Extract Intervention in Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetic Rats. Xu HJ, Liu QL, Zhang YF, et al. Adlercreutzia equolifaciens PubMed ↗
Animal study Frontiers in immunology · 2026 Extracellular vesicles from Akkermansia muciniphila protect streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by regulating glucose homeostasis, oxidative stress, and immune tolerance. Chang Y, Zhang C, Li Z, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Animal study Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025 Investigation of the Protective Effects of Synbiotic Buffalo Kefir in Rats With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Buran I, Secgin S, Akal HC, et al. Bifidobacterium bifidum PubMed ↗
Animal study Microbiome · 2025 Alternate day fasting alleviates neuroinflammation in diabetic mice by regulating δ-valerobetaine-carnitine-microglia axis via enrichment of Akkermansia muciniphila. Gong K, Zhang S, Pan Y, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Animal study Journal of molecular endocrinology · 2025 Impact of Parabacteroides distasonis colonization on host microbiome, metabolome, immunity, and diabetes onset. Girdhar K, Randall A, Mine K, et al. Parabacteroides distasonis PubMed ↗
Animal study Life sciences · 2025 Akkermansia muciniphila restrains type 1 diabetes onset by eliciting cDC2 and Treg cell differentiation in NOD and STZ-induced experimental models. Rodrigues VF, Elias-Oliveira J, Pereira ÍS, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Animal study Journal of diabetes · 2024 Probiotic treatment with viable α-galactosylceramide-producing Bacteroides fragilis reduces diabetes incidence in female nonobese diabetic mice. Hansen CHF, Jozipovic D, Zachariassen LF, et al. Bacteroides fragilis PubMed ↗