Randomized trial Journal of ethnopharmacology · 2026 The adjunct use of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BAMA-B06/BAu-B0111 improves the therapeutic efficacy of Liuwei'anxiao Capsule in alleviating constipation in Parkinson's Disease: A randomized controlled study. Lin M, Li S, Lin J, et al. Bifidobacterium animalis PubMed ↗
Review Microbiological research · 2025 Akkermansia muciniphila: A double-edged sword in life-stage-specific nutritional modulation of Parkinson's disease via the gut-brain axis. Chen N, Pang D, Shang H Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Review Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2025 Microbiota-brain interaction: The role of gut-derived proteins in addressing various neurological disorders including Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's diseases (AD). Taj T, Kaushik M, Islam A, et al. Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Observational Scientific reports · 2025 Elevated Lactobacillus salivarius and genus Akkermansia in fecal samples of Taiwanese patients with parkinson's disease and diabetes mellitus. Tsai ST, Lai ZL, Lu MK, et al. Ligilactobacillus salivarius PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Movement disorders · 2025 Effects of a Four-Strain Probiotic on Gut Microbiota, Inflammation, and Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Leta V, Zinzalias P, Batzu L, et al. Enterococcus faecium PubMed ↗
Review Trends in neurosciences · 2025 The multifaceted roles of Akkermansia muciniphila in neurological disorders. Ma X, Liu Q, Yang G Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Observational Neurology · 2025 Investigating Plasma Metabolomics and Gut Microbiota Changes Associated With Parkinson Disease: A Focus on Caffeine Metabolism. Chen CC, Chiu JY, Tan AH, et al. [Eubacterium] siraeumOliverpabstia intestinalis PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion · 2025 [Effects of acupoint catgut embedding on gut microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acids in Parkinson's disease patients with constipation]. Zhang X, Jiang J, Li W, et al. [Ruminococcus] torques PubMed ↗
Systematic review Nutrients · 2025 Bifidobacterium infantis and Bifidobacterium breve Improve Symptomatology and Neuronal Damage in Neurodegenerative Disease: A Systematic Review. Reiriz M, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Echeverry-Alzate V, et al. Bifidobacterium breveBifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Review Current reviews in clinical and experimental pharmacology · 2025 Probiotic: A Gut Microbiota-Based Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Rout M, Prusty SK, Kar DM Enterococcus faecalis PubMed ↗
Clinical trial Scientific reports · 2024 Synbiotic supplementation may globally improve non-motor symptoms in patients with stable Parkinson's disease: results from an open label single-arm study. Andreozzi V, Cuoco S, Balestrieri M, et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
Observational Neurobiology of disease · 2024 Difference in gut microbial dysbiotic patterns between body-first and brain-first Parkinson's disease. Park DG, Kang W, Shin IJ, et al. Akkermansia muciniphilaEscherichia coli PubMed ↗
Observational Acta neurologica Belgica · 2023 Altered gut microbiota in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease: an age-sex matched case-control study. Babacan Yildiz G, Kayacan ZC, Karacan I, et al. Anaerobutyricum hallii PubMed ↗
Meta-analysis Movement disorders · 2023 Integrated Multi-Cohort Analysis of the Parkinson's Disease Gut Metagenome. Boktor JC, Sharon G, Verhagen Metman LA, et al. Intestinimonas butyriciproducens PubMed ↗
Review Current neuropharmacology · 2023 Relationship Between Gut Bacteria and Levodopa Metabolism. Xu K, Sheng S, Zhang F Eggerthella lentaEnterococcus faecalis PubMed ↗
Observational Neurology · 2022 Association Between Microbial Tyrosine Decarboxylase Gene and Levodopa Responsiveness in Patients With Parkinson Disease. Zhang Y, He X, Mo C, et al. Enterococcus faecalis PubMed ↗
Review CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2022 New hope for Parkinson's disease treatment: Targeting gut microbiota. Fan HX, Sheng S, Zhang F Enterococcus faecalis PubMed ↗
Review Current medical science · 2021 Potential Role of Akkermansia muciniphila in Parkinson's Disease and Other Neurological/Autoimmune Diseases. Fang X, Li FJ, Hong DJ Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Food & function · 2026 Crude proline modulates the microbiota-gut-brain axis by attenuating curli-associated α-synuclein accumulation and regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in Parkinson's disease. Song D, Lee YR, Yu SM, et al. Enterococcus faecium PubMed ↗
Microbiological research · 2026 Ligilactobacillus salivarius NCU-41 reduces oxidative stress to ameliorate Parkinson's disease by regulating the AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Xu T, Lin M, Yong Q, et al. Ligilactobacillus salivarius PubMed ↗
Gut microbes · 2026 Vitamin B6 produced by gut microbiome regulates host behavioral phenotypes through dopaminergic metabolism. Kim D, Li M, Nguyen TH, et al. Escherichia coli PubMed ↗
Medicine · 2026 Bidirectional mediation between microbiota and immune system in Parkinson disease: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Qu T, Zhao Q, Fang J, et al. Bifidobacterium adolescentis PubMed ↗
Letters in applied microbiology · 2026 Altered gut microbiota, SCFAs, and barrier integrity markers in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease patients. Ahmadi S, Hasani A, Yasdchi M, et al. Akkermansia muciniphilaFaecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
Phytomedicine · 2025 Herba Patriniae with probiotics targets Escherichia fergusonii and the 5-hydroxytryptophan-trimethylamine N-oxide axis in Parkinson's disease. Wu X, Zhang T, Feng J, et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
Medicine · 2025 Causal association between Parkinson disease, gut microbiota, and constipation: A Mendelian study. Zheng J, Xu B, Gao L, et al. Agathobacter rectalis PubMed ↗
Cell host & microbe · 2025 Bioengineered gut bacterium synthesizing levodopa alleviates motor deficits in models of Parkinson's disease. Padhi P, Abdalla A, Schneider B, et al. Escherichia coli PubMed ↗
Neurodegenerative disease management · 2025 Gut microbiome differences in Parkinson's disease patients in Central Kerala population. Jacob AA, Rout S, Dash R, et al. Bacteroides fragilisBifidobacterium longumBlautia obeumFaecalibacterium prausnitzii +3 more PubMed ↗
Gut microbes · 2025 Metabolic modeling links gut microbiota to metabolic markers of Parkinson's disease. Hensen T, Thiele I Faecalibacterium prausnitziiRoseburia intestinalisRuthenibacterium lactatiformans PubMed ↗
Brain research · 2025 Changes in gut microbiota and plasma metabolites in Parkinson's disease patients with pain as analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing and LC-MS. Yang B, Jiang T, Li Y, et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
Nature communications · 2025 Gut microbial production of imidazole propionate drives Parkinson's pathologies. Park H, Cheon J, Kim H, et al. Escherichia coli PubMed ↗
International journal of molecular sciences · 2025 Associations Between Gut Microbiota Composition and Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson's Disease. Lin SH, Lin RJ, Chu CL, et al. Intestinimonas butyriciproducens PubMed ↗
Scientific reports · 2025 Inhibition of levodopa metabolism to dopamine by honokiol short-chain fatty acid derivatives may enhance therapeutic efficacy in Parkinson's disease. Cheng G, Hardy M, Feix JB, et al. Enterococcus faecalis PubMed ↗
International journal of molecular sciences · 2025 Targeted Gut Microbiota Modulation Enhances Levodopa Bioavailability and Motor Recovery in MPTP Parkinson's Disease Models. Ai P, Xu S, Yuan Y, et al. Enterococcus faecalis PubMed ↗
European journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025 Targeting bacterial and human levodopa decarboxylases for improved drug treatment of Parkinson's disease: Discovery and characterization of new inhibitors. Reunanen S, Ghemtio L, Patel JZ, et al. Enterococcus faecalis PubMed ↗
Movement disorders · 2024 Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Large-Scale Disruptions of the Gut Microbiome in Parkinson's Disease. Metcalfe-Roach A, Cirstea MS, Yu AC, et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
Scientific reports · 2024 Metagenome-assembled microbial genomes from Parkinson's disease fecal samples. Duru IC, Lecomte A, Shishido TK, et al. Ruminococcus bromii PubMed ↗
Neuromolecular medicine · 2024 Evaluation of Neuroprotective Effect of Gut Microbe in Parkinson's Disease: An In Silico and In Vivo Approach. Bhardwaj K, Rajawat NK, Mathur N, et al. Escherichia coli PubMed ↗
Communications biology · 2024 Mitigating gut microbial degradation of levodopa and enhancing brain dopamine: Implications in Parkinson's disease. Cheng G, Hardy M, Hillard CJ, et al. Enterococcus faecalis PubMed ↗
ACS chemical biology · 2024 Discovery of a Gut Bacterial Metabolic Pathway that Drives α-Synuclein Aggregation. Ortiz de Ora L, Balsamo JM, Uyeda KS, et al. Escherichia coli PubMed ↗
Neurochemistry international · 2024 Supplementation of probiotic Bifidobacterium breve Bif11 reverses neurobehavioural deficits, inflammatory changes and oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease model. Valvaikar S, Vaidya B, Sharma S, et al. Bifidobacterium breve PubMed ↗
Mikrobiyoloji bulteni · 2024 [Investigation of the Relationship Between Akkermansia Genomic Diversity in Gut Microbiota and Parkinson's Disease Dementia]. Arıkan M, Kahraman Demir T, Yıldız Z, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Scientific reports · 2023 A novel pathway of levodopa metabolism by commensal Bifidobacteria. Cirstea MS, Creus-Cuadros A, Lo C, et al. Bifidobacterium bifidum PubMed ↗
CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023 Piperine improves levodopa availability in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease by suppressing gut bacterial tyrosine decarboxylase. Hu X, Yu L, Li Y, et al. Enterococcus faecalis PubMed ↗
European journal of neurology · 2023 Associations between gut microbiota and Parkinson disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis. Jiang L, Li JC, Tang BS, et al. Anaerobutyricum hallii PubMed ↗
Neuropharmacology · 2023 Differences in the gut microbiome across typical ageing and in Parkinson's disease. Nuzum ND, Szymlek-Gay EA, Loke S, et al. Bifidobacterium bifidumRoseburia inulinivorans PubMed ↗
Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2023 The alteration of intestinal mucosal α-synuclein expression and mucosal microbiota in Parkinson's disease. Shi J, Wang Y, Chen D, et al. Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Annals of neurology · 2022 Gut Microbiota in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Parkinson's Disease. Bolliri C, Fontana A, Cereda E, et al. Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum PubMed ↗
The Journal of biological chemistry · 2022 Mechanistic insights into accelerated α-synuclein aggregation mediated by human microbiome-associated functional amyloids. Bhoite SS, Han Y, Ruotolo BT, et al. Escherichia coli PubMed ↗
Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2022 Early Dysbiosis and Dampened Gut Microbe Oscillation Precede Motor Dysfunction and Neuropathology in Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease. Liang F, Chen CY, Li YP, et al. [Ruminococcus] torques PubMed ↗
Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2021 The Possible Role of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 on Locomotor Activity and Oxidative Stress in a Rotenone-Induced Zebrafish Model of Parkinson's Disease. Ilie OD, Paduraru E, Robea MA, et al. Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗