Randomized trial Journal of ethnopharmacology · 2026 The adjunct use of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BAMA-B06/BAu-B0111 improves the therapeutic efficacy of Liuwei'anxiao Capsule in alleviating constipation in Parkinson's Disease: A randomized controlled study. Lin M, Li S, Lin J, et al. Bifidobacterium animalis PubMed ↗
Review Microbiological research · 2025 Akkermansia muciniphila: A double-edged sword in life-stage-specific nutritional modulation of Parkinson's disease via the gut-brain axis. Chen N, Pang D, Shang H Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Review Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2025 Microbiota-brain interaction: The role of gut-derived proteins in addressing various neurological disorders including Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's diseases (AD). Taj T, Kaushik M, Islam A, et al. Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Observational Scientific reports · 2025 Elevated Lactobacillus salivarius and genus Akkermansia in fecal samples of Taiwanese patients with parkinson's disease and diabetes mellitus. Tsai ST, Lai ZL, Lu MK, et al. Ligilactobacillus salivarius PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Movement disorders · 2025 Effects of a Four-Strain Probiotic on Gut Microbiota, Inflammation, and Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Leta V, Zinzalias P, Batzu L, et al. Enterococcus faecium PubMed ↗
Review Trends in neurosciences · 2025 The multifaceted roles of Akkermansia muciniphila in neurological disorders. Ma X, Liu Q, Yang G Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Observational Neurology · 2025 Investigating Plasma Metabolomics and Gut Microbiota Changes Associated With Parkinson Disease: A Focus on Caffeine Metabolism. Chen CC, Chiu JY, Tan AH, et al. [Eubacterium] siraeumOliverpabstia intestinalis PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion · 2025 [Effects of acupoint catgut embedding on gut microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acids in Parkinson's disease patients with constipation]. Zhang X, Jiang J, Li W, et al. [Ruminococcus] torques PubMed ↗
Systematic review Nutrients · 2025 Bifidobacterium infantis and Bifidobacterium breve Improve Symptomatology and Neuronal Damage in Neurodegenerative Disease: A Systematic Review. Reiriz M, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Echeverry-Alzate V, et al. Bifidobacterium breveBifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Review Current reviews in clinical and experimental pharmacology · 2025 Probiotic: A Gut Microbiota-Based Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Rout M, Prusty SK, Kar DM Enterococcus faecalis PubMed ↗
Clinical trial Scientific reports · 2024 Synbiotic supplementation may globally improve non-motor symptoms in patients with stable Parkinson's disease: results from an open label single-arm study. Andreozzi V, Cuoco S, Balestrieri M, et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
Observational Neurobiology of disease · 2024 Difference in gut microbial dysbiotic patterns between body-first and brain-first Parkinson's disease. Park DG, Kang W, Shin IJ, et al. Akkermansia muciniphilaEscherichia coli PubMed ↗
Observational Acta neurologica Belgica · 2023 Altered gut microbiota in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease: an age-sex matched case-control study. Babacan Yildiz G, Kayacan ZC, Karacan I, et al. Anaerobutyricum hallii PubMed ↗
Meta-analysis Movement disorders · 2023 Integrated Multi-Cohort Analysis of the Parkinson's Disease Gut Metagenome. Boktor JC, Sharon G, Verhagen Metman LA, et al. Intestinimonas butyriciproducens PubMed ↗
Review Current neuropharmacology · 2023 Relationship Between Gut Bacteria and Levodopa Metabolism. Xu K, Sheng S, Zhang F Eggerthella lentaEnterococcus faecalis PubMed ↗
Observational Neurology · 2022 Association Between Microbial Tyrosine Decarboxylase Gene and Levodopa Responsiveness in Patients With Parkinson Disease. Zhang Y, He X, Mo C, et al. Enterococcus faecalis PubMed ↗
Review CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2022 New hope for Parkinson's disease treatment: Targeting gut microbiota. Fan HX, Sheng S, Zhang F Enterococcus faecalis PubMed ↗
Review Current medical science · 2021 Potential Role of Akkermansia muciniphila in Parkinson's Disease and Other Neurological/Autoimmune Diseases. Fang X, Li FJ, Hong DJ Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Food & function · 2026 Crude proline modulates the microbiota-gut-brain axis by attenuating curli-associated α-synuclein accumulation and regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in Parkinson's disease. Song D, Lee YR, Yu SM, et al. Enterococcus faecium PubMed ↗
Microbiological research · 2026 Ligilactobacillus salivarius NCU-41 reduces oxidative stress to ameliorate Parkinson's disease by regulating the AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Xu T, Lin M, Yong Q, et al. Ligilactobacillus salivarius PubMed ↗