Meta-analysis International ophthalmology · 2026 The relationship between diabetic retinopathy and intestinal microbiota: a systematic review and meta analysis. Chen S, Liu C, Bi W, et al. Bacteroides PubMed ↗
Meta-analysis BMC ophthalmology · 2026 The gut-eye axis: microbiota and their role in diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sadeghi R, Abdol Homayuni MR, Fateh A, et al. Faecalibacterium PubMed ↗
Review Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2025 Differential gut microbiome profiles in diabetic retinopathy: A comparative study across continental populations. Adhikary P, Maddheshiya A, Takkar B, et al. Alistipes finegoldiiAnaerobutyricum hallii PubMed ↗
Observational Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024 Gut microbiota predict retinopathy in patients with diabetes: A longitudinal cohort study. Qin X, Sun J, Chen S, et al. [Ruminococcus] torques PubMed ↗
Review Journal of vascular research · 2021 Vascular Patterning as Integrative Readout of Complex Molecular and Physiological Signaling by VESsel GENeration Analysis. Lagatuz M, Vyas RJ, Predovic M, et al. Saccharomyces cerevisiae PubMed ↗
mSphere · 2026 Association between ocular surface microbiota species and type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without retinopathy and related clinical parameters. Wang J, Zhang N, Li J-J, et al. Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Gut · 2026 Indole-3-propionic acid links gut dysfunction to diabetic retinopathy: a biomarker and novel therapeutic approach. Prasad R, Adu-Rutledge Y, Ziani B, et al. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PubMed ↗
Journal of advanced research · 2025 Pomegranate peel extract alleviates diabetic retinopathy by suppressing the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway and gut microbiota modulation. Ren QD, Li MR, Farag MA, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024 Mendelian randomization analysis reveals a causal effect of Streptococcus salivarius on diabetic retinopathy through regulating host fasting glucose. Li J, Zheng G, Jiang D, et al. Streptococcus salivarius[Ruminococcus] torquesCollinsella aerofaciens PubMed ↗
Circulation research · 2022 Maintenance of Enteral ACE2 Prevents Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes. Prasad R, Floyd JL, Dupont M, et al. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PubMed ↗
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021 Dysbiosis and Implication of the Gut Microbiota in Diabetic Retinopathy. Huang Y, Wang Z, Ma H, et al. BlautiaFaecalibacterium PubMed ↗
Animal study Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025 Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 attenuates diabetic retinopathy through gut microbiota modulation: evidence for the gut-retinal axis. Lin J, Cheng Y, Ling Y, et al. Bifidobacterium animalis PubMed ↗