Systematic review South Dakota medicine · 2026 Clostridium innocuum Bacteremia: Case Report and Systematic Review. de Matos-Konrad C, Chima N, Huntington MK [Clostridium] innocuum PubMed ↗
Review Toxins · 2025 The Ambivalent Nature of Bacteroides fragilis and the Interaction with Clostridioides difficile: Benefits and Disadvantages for the Human Host. Spigaglia P Bacteroides fragilis PubMed ↗
Review Anaerobe · 2023 Bacteremia due to Clostridium innocuum: Analysis of four cases and literature review. Cobo F, Pérez-Carrasco V, Tarriño-León M, et al. [Clostridium] innocuum PubMed ↗
Observational Clinical infectious diseases · 2021 Microbiota-associated Risk Factors for Clostridioides difficile Acquisition in Hospitalized Patients: A Prospective, Multicentric Study. Solbach P, Chhatwal P, Woltemate S, et al. Odoribacter splanchnicusRuminococcus bromii PubMed ↗
Microbial pathogenesis · 2026 Vancomycin-resistant gut commensal Clostridium innocuum emerges as a pathobiont through synergy with toxigenic Clostridioides difficile. Kuo CJ, Hsu TS, Hsu CM, et al. [Clostridium] innocuum PubMed ↗
Journal of controlled release · 2026 A multifunctional probiotic co-delivery platform for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. Yang H, Kuang Y, Wang L, et al. Bifidobacterium adolescentis PubMed ↗
mSphere · 2025 Microbiome signatures of Clostridioides difficile toxin production and toxin gene presence: a shotgun metagenomic approach. Kwon J, Correa MA, Kong Y, et al. Akkermansia muciniphilaBifidobacterium adolescentisEnterococcus faecalisFlavonifractor plautii PubMed ↗
Microbial pathogenesis · 2025 Novel Enterococcus faecium P2 as a probiotic for mitigating Clostridioides difficile infection. Cui Y, Jia Q, Yan H, et al. Enterococcus faecium PubMed ↗
Microbes and infection · 2025 Lactococcus lactis and Bifidobacterium longum attenuate Clostridioides difficile- or Clostridium symbiosum-induced colitis and depression/anxiety-like behavior in male mice. Joo MK, Ma X, Shin JW, et al. [Clostridium] symbiosumBifidobacterium longumLactococcus lactis PubMed ↗
Cell host & microbe · 2025 Veillonella intestinal colonization promotes C. difficile infection in Crohn's disease. Yang Z, Wang J, Chen Y, et al. Veillonella parvula PubMed ↗
The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025 Rational Design of Live Biotherapeutic Products for the Prevention of Clostridioides difficile Infection. Ke S, Villafuerte Gálvez JA, Sun Z, et al. Dorea formicigeneransFaecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
Polish journal of microbiology · 2025 Roles of Gut Microbiota and Associated Metabolites in Clostridioides difficile Infection. Gao Y, Ma J, Wang K, et al. Haemophilus parainfluenzae PubMed ↗
Microbiological research · 2025 Receptor-targeted Lactococcus lactis mitigate Clostridioides difficile infection. Zhang Y, Sun W, Wu H, et al. Lactococcus lactis PubMed ↗
Medical microbiology and immunology · 2025 Impact of vancomycin and Clostridioides difficile on the secretome and pathogenicity of Clostridium innocuum. Chen YM, Chien KY, Shieh HR, et al. [Clostridium] innocuum PubMed ↗
Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi · 2025 Fecal microbiota transplantation for vancomycin-resistant Clostridium innocuum infection in inflammatory bowel disease: A pilot study evaluating safety and clinical and microbiota outcome. Le PH, Yeh YM, Chen YC, et al. [Clostridium] innocuum PubMed ↗
Gut microbes · 2025 Synergistic and off-target effects of bacteriocins in a simplified human intestinal microbiome: implications for Clostridioides difficile infection control. Ríos Colombo NS, Paul Ross R, Hill C Lactococcus lactis PubMed ↗
Cell host & microbe · 2024 Phocaeicola vulgatus shapes the long-term growth dynamics and evolutionary adaptations of Clostridioides difficile. Sulaiman JE, Thompson J, Cheung PLK, et al. Phocaeicola vulgatus PubMed ↗
Microbial pathogenesis · 2024 Bifidobacteria antagonize the life cycle of Clostridioides difficile. Soldavini Pelichotti PC, Martinefski MR, Boscolo O, et al. Bifidobacterium adolescentisBifidobacterium bifidum PubMed ↗
Digestive and liver disease · 2024 Long-term stability and efficacy of frozen fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) product at 24 months. Facchin S, Cardin R, Patuzzi I, et al. Bifidobacterium adolescentis PubMed ↗
Nature communications · 2024 Elucidating human gut microbiota interactions that robustly inhibit diverse Clostridioides difficile strains across different nutrient landscapes. Sulaiman JE, Thompson J, Qian Y, et al. [Clostridium] scindens PubMed ↗
Applied and environmental microbiology · 2024 Reduction of product composition variability using pooled microbiome ecosystem therapy and consequence in two infectious murine models. Reygner J, Delannoy J, Barba-Goudiaby M-T, et al. Enterococcus faeciumKlebsiella pneumoniae PubMed ↗
mBio · 2023 Liberation of host heme by Clostridioides difficile-mediated damage enhances Enterococcus faecalis fitness during infection. Smith AB, Specker JT, Hewlett KK, et al. Enterococcus faecalis PubMed ↗
Nature communications · 2023 Multi-omics analysis of hospital-acquired diarrhoeal patients reveals biomarkers of enterococcal proliferation and Clostridioides difficile infection. Bosnjak M, Karpe AV, Van TTH, et al. Enterococcus faecium PubMed ↗
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023 Diarrheal-associated gut dysbiosis in cancer and inflammatory bowel disease patients is exacerbated by Clostridioides difficile infection. Kulecka M, Zeber-Lubecka N, Bałabas A, et al. Bacteroides fragilisKlebsiella pneumoniaeMediterraneibacter gnavus PubMed ↗
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023 Gut microbiome and mycobiome in inflammatory bowel disease patients with Clostridioides difficile infection. Yu S, Ge X, Xu H, et al. [Clostridium] innocuumEnterococcus faeciumMediterraneibacter gnavus PubMed ↗
FEMS microbiology letters · 2022 Impact of environmental conditions and gut microbiota on the in vitro germination and growth of Clostridioides difficile. Martinez E, Rodriguez C, Crèvecoeur S, et al. Escherichia coli PubMed ↗
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022 Gut Microbiota Diversity of Preterm Neonates Is Associated With Clostridioides Difficile Colonization. Couturier J, Lepage P, Jolivet S, et al. Bifidobacterium breve PubMed ↗
Microbiology spectrum · 2022 Proton Pump Inhibitor-Induced Gut Dysbiosis Increases Mortality Rates for Patients with Clostridioides difficile Infection. Lin CY, Cheng HT, Kuo CJ, et al. Mediterraneibacter gnavusParabacteroides merdaeSegatella copri PubMed ↗
Burns · 2021 Gut microbiota in burned patients with Clostridioides difficile infection. Shoaei P, Shojaei H, Siadat SD, et al. Akkermansia muciniphilaFaecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
PloS one · 2021 Identification and engraftment of new bacterial strains by shotgun metagenomic sequence analysis in patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection before and after fecal microbiota transplantation and in healthy human subjects. Verma S, Dutta SK, Firnberg E, et al. Dorea formicigeneransKlebsiella pneumoniae PubMed ↗
Gastroenterology · 2021 Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Influences Procarcinogenic Escherichia coli in Recipient Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Patients. Nooij S, Ducarmon QR, Laros JFJ, et al. Escherichia coli PubMed ↗
Clinical infectious diseases · 2021 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Transmission via Fecal Microbiota Transplant. Zellmer C, Sater MRA, Huntley MH, et al. Escherichia coli PubMed ↗
PloS one · 2021 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii increases following fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. Björkqvist O, Rangel I, Serrander L, et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
Gut microbes · 2021 Changes in IgA-targeted microbiota following fecal transplantation for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. Huus KE, Frankowski M, Pučić-Baković M, et al. Escherichia coli PubMed ↗
Animal study Poultry science · 2026 Gallic acid-usnic acid complex alleviates necrotic enteritis in broilers by remodeling gut microbiota and strengthening intestinal barrier. Guo X, Zhao Z, He S, et al. Parabacteroides merdae PubMed ↗
Animal study Virulence · 2026 Parabacteroides distasonis alleviates Clostridioides difficile infection in mice while modulating secondary bile acids. Zhao M, Wen B, Ouyang Z, et al. Parabacteroides distasonis PubMed ↗
Animal study Poultry science · 2026 Jejunal histopathology, metagenome, and mucosal transcriptome of broilers after an enteric challenge and fed diets with different fiber types and concentrations. Tabish RW, Lin Y, Rochell SJ, et al. Dysosmobacter welbionis PubMed ↗
Animal study Poultry science · 2026 Cecal metagenome and mucosal transcriptome of broilers after an enteric challenge and fed diets with different fiber types and concentrations1. Tabish RW, Lin Y, Rochell SJ, et al. Bifidobacterium animalisFaecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
Animal study Infection and immunity · 2026 Acidification-dependent suppression of C. difficile by pathogenic and commensal enterococci. Neubauer HR, Ogunyemi IM, Wood AK, et al. Enterococcus faecium PubMed ↗
Animal study Poultry science · 2026 An engineered Escherichia coli-ClyA-NetB outer membrane vesicle delivery system modulates jejunal microbiota in broiler chickens with necrotic enteritis. Lin F, Wu CE, Yang WY Escherichia coliEnterococcus faecium PubMed ↗
Animal study Scientific reports · 2026 Probiotic Enterococcus faecium (M74) as an alternative to antibiotics for controlling necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. Mostafa AEA, Ramadan R, Sittien A Enterococcus faecium PubMed ↗
Animal study Biologicals · 2026 Oral immunization with engineered probiotics expressing tcdB protects mice against Clostridioides difficile infection. Bahr MMA, ElRakaiby MT, Madboli AEA, et al. Enterococcus faeciumLactobacillus gasseri PubMed ↗
Animal study Poultry science · 2026 Modulation of gut immunity and microbiota by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron confers dose-dependent protection against necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. Alizadeh M, Oladokun S, Fazel F, et al. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron PubMed ↗
Animal study Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026 Attenuation of Clostridioides difficile Infection by Clostridium hylemonae. Choi S, Kwon H, Kim WK, et al. [Clostridium] scindens PubMed ↗
Animal study Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025 Restoration of the Mucosal Barrier by Lactobacillus gasseri HDS0266 and Enterococcus faecium HDS0288 in Dextran Sodium Sulfate and Clostridioides difficile-Induced Colitis Mice. Kim E, Kim B, Kim H, et al. Enterococcus faeciumLactobacillus gasseri PubMed ↗
Animal study Vaccine · 2025 Recombinant Lactococcus lactis-based oral vaccine expressing non-toxic alpha toxin domains of Clostridium septicum can offer protection against Clostridial dermatitis in turkeys. John FA, Criollo V, Gaghan C, et al. Lactococcus lactis PubMed ↗
Animal study mBio · 2025 Differential modulation of post-antibiotic colonization resistance to Clostridioides difficile by two probiotic Lactobacillus strains. Foley MH, McMillan AS, O'Flaherty S, et al. Lactobacillus gasseri PubMed ↗
Animal study Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025 Alleviating Clostridium perfringens-Induced Gut Lesionsin Broiler Chickens by Orally Administered Bovine Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase. Ji W, Yang D, Zhang W, et al. Escherichia coli PubMed ↗
Animal study Virulence · 2025 Dietary iron attenuates Clostridioides difficile infection via modulation of intestinal immune response and gut microbiota. Li X, Wu X, Zang W, et al. Escherichia coli PubMed ↗
Animal study Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025 Probiotics Ameliorate Histological Alterations and Prevent Increases in Cytokine and Toxin Levels in Mice Infected with Various Clostridioides difficile Strains. Hamo Z, Ninio H, Azrad M, et al. Bifidobacterium bifidum PubMed ↗