Randomized trial BMC psychiatry · 2026 Comparison of clinical efficacy and gut microbiota characteristics in children with ASD treated with fecal microbiota transplantation and ketogenic diet. Wang Y, Wang L, Cai Z, et al. Wujia chipingensis PubMed ↗
Observational Psychiatry research · 2026 Multi-cohort evidence for impaired microbial support of the methionine cycle in children with autism spectrum disorder. Yu J, Wan Y, Peng Y, et al. Bacteroides stercorisBlautia wexleraeStreptococcus thermophilus PubMed ↗
Observational BMC microbiology · 2026 Gut bacterial characteristics in children with autism spectrum disorder according to symptom severity: a cross-sectional study. Aili A, Yimin Z, Maiming N, et al. Bacteroides ovatus PubMed ↗
Randomized trial BMC pediatrics · 2026 Kefir-derived probiotic mixture for children with autism spectrum disorder: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. de Queiroz SAL, Guimarães DO, Ferreira LA, et al. Escherichia coli PubMed ↗
Observational Translational psychiatry · 2025 Identifying gut microbiota composition disparities in autistic individuals and their unaffected siblings: correlations with clinical characteristics. Chang JC, Chen YC, Lin HT, et al. Anaerobutyricum hallii PubMed ↗
Observational Annals of human biology · 2025 Altered gut microbiota composition and feeding behaviours in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a comparative pilot study. Toscano de Oliveira M, Borges Scriboni Gonzalez MA, Rosetto Boiate JV, et al. Bifidobacterium breve PubMed ↗
Observational BMC pediatrics · 2025 Gut microbiota and urine metabolomics signature in autism spectrum disorder children from Southern China. Huang Z, Wei A, Yuan H, et al. Blautia obeumFaecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
Review Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025 Neurodevelopmental disorders and gut-brain interactions: exploring the therapeutic potential of pycnogenol through microbial-metabolic-neural networks. Chen L, Li Z, Fan Y Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗
Observational Scientific reports · 2025 Characterization of gut microbiota on gender and age groups bias in Thai patients with autism spectrum disorder. Bhusri B, Sutheeworapong S, Kittichotirat W, et al. Phocaeicola plebeius PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024 Gastrointestinal, Behaviour and Anxiety Outcomes in Autistic Children Following an Open Label, Randomised Pilot Study of Synbiotics vs Synbiotics and Gut-Directed Hypnotherapy. Mitchell LK, Heussler HS, Burgess CJ, et al. Bifidobacterium animalis PubMed ↗
Review Nutrients · 2023 Liposomal Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate for the Treatment of Intestinal Dysbiosis in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comprehensive Review. de la Rubia Ortí JE, Moneti C, Serrano-Ballesteros P, et al. Akkermansia muciniphilaSegatella copri PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Journal of Alzheimer's disease · 2023 Benefits of Gut Microbiota Reconstitution by Beta 1,3-1,6 Glucans in Subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases. Raghavan K, Dedeepiya VD, Yamamoto N, et al. Akkermansia muciniphilaEnterocloster bolteaeFaecalibacterium prausnitziiSegatella copri PubMed ↗
Meta-analysis Scientific reports · 2022 Multi-angle meta-analysis of the gut microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorder: a step toward understanding patient subgroups. West KA, Yin X, Rutherford EM, et al. Bacteroides stercoris PubMed ↗
Review Nutrients · 2022 Overlapping Mechanisms of Action of Brain-Active Bacteria and Bacterial Metabolites in the Pathogenesis of Common Brain Diseases. Eicher TP, Mohajeri MH Agathobacter rectalis PubMed ↗
Randomized trial Nutrients · 2021 Probiotic and Oxytocin Combination Therapy in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial. Kong XJ, Liu J, Liu K, et al. Anaerobutyricum hallii PubMed ↗
Microbiology spectrum · 2026 Gut microbial culturomics identifies autism-associated Shigella and reveals species-level remodeling during fecal microbiota transplantation. Chen B, Su Z, Sun Y, et al. Anaerostipes hadrusBacteroides fragilisParabacteroides merdae PubMed ↗
Nutrients · 2026 Influence of Eating Behavior and Dietary Patterns on Gut Microbiota Formation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Smolko NA, Markelova MI, Synbulatova GE, et al. Eubacterium ventriosum PubMed ↗
Gut · 2026 Bacterial genomic structural variations in children with autism serve as diagnostic biomarkers. Liu W, Lu Y, Ng SC, et al. [Ruminococcus] torquesBacteroides uniformis PubMed ↗
Nature communications · 2026 Gut microbiome composition and strain-sharing in multiplex autism spectrum disorder families. Lu W, Wong OWH, Zhu J, et al. Agathobacter rectalisBacteroides xylanisolvens PubMed ↗
European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026 Genetic evidence on chemical communication between gut microbiota and neurological and psychiatric disorders: a Mendelian randomization study. Yu S, Ye Z, Zhao W, et al. [Ruminococcus] torques PubMed ↗
NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026 A novel synbiotic (SCM06) for anxiety and sensory hyperresponsiveness in children with autism spectrum disorder: an open-label pilot study. Wong OWH, Xu Z, Chan SSM, et al. Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatumCoprococcus comesVeillonella dispar PubMed ↗
Trials · 2025 Effect of multispecies probiotics on autism symptoms: protocol for a randomized controlled trial (PROBAUT). Kotowska-Bąbol M, Konowałek Ł, Szajewska H, et al. Bifidobacterium animalisBifidobacterium longumLactococcus lactis PubMed ↗
Microbiology spectrum · 2025 Resilience of human gut microbiomes in autism spectrum disorder: measured using stiffness network analysis. Chen H(, Yi B, Ma Z( Phocaeicola plebeiusSegatella copri PubMed ↗
Cell reports. Medicine · 2025 Gut microbial GABA imbalance emerges as a metabolic signature in mild autism spectrum disorder linked to overrepresented Escherichia. Wang D, Jiang Y, Jiang J, et al. Escherichia coli PubMed ↗
Journal of translational medicine · 2024 Gut microbial 'TNFα-sphingolipids-steroid hormones' axis in children with autism spectrum disorder: an insight from meta-omics analysis. Shao L, Cai G, Fu J, et al. Bifidobacterium bifidumSegatella copri PubMed ↗
Gut microbes · 2024 Omic characterizing and targeting gut dysbiosis in children with autism spectrum disorder: symptom alleviation through combined probiotic and medium-carbohydrate diet intervention - a pilot study. Li Y, Hu W, Lin B, et al. Akkermansia muciniphilaBifidobacterium animalisBlautia obeumDialister invisus +1 more PubMed ↗
Nutrients · 2024 Analysis of Gut Bacterial and Fungal Microbiota in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Non-Autistic Siblings. Retuerto M, Al-Shakhshir H, Herrada J, et al. Bacteroides fragilisFaecalibacterium prausnitziiSegatella copri PubMed ↗
Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024 Gut microbiota composition links to variation in functional domains across psychiatric disorders. Mulder D, Jakobi B, Shi Y, et al. [Ruminococcus] torques PubMed ↗
Nature communications · 2024 Colitis reduces active social engagement in mice and is ameliorated by supplementation with human microbiota members. Brown DG, Murphy M, Cadeddu R, et al. Bacteroides uniformis PubMed ↗
Psychiatry research · 2024 Gut microbial and clinical characteristics of individuals with autism spectrum disorder differ depending on the ecological structure of the gut microbiome. Jung Y, Lee T, Oh HS, et al. Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2023 Bacteroides is increased in an autism cohort and induces autism-relevant behavioral changes in mice in a sex-dependent manner. Carmel J, Ghanayem N, Mayouf R, et al. Bacteroides fragilis PubMed ↗
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · 2023 Prenatal caffeine exposure induces autism-like behaviors in offspring under a high-fat diet via the gut microbiota-IL-17A-brain axis. Wang T, Zhang S, Luo M, et al. Escherichia coli PubMed ↗
Food & function · 2023 Revealing the beneficial effects of a dairy infant formula on the gut microbiota of early childhood children with autistic spectrum disorder using static and SHIME® fermentation models. Gomes de Oliveira LI, Clementino JR, Salgaço MK, et al. Agathobacter rectalis PubMed ↗
Translational psychiatry · 2023 The gut microbiome in social anxiety disorder: evidence of altered composition and function. Butler MI, Bastiaanssen TFS, Long-Smith C, et al. Parasutterella excrementihominis PubMed ↗
Frontiers in immunology · 2023 Differences of gut microbiota and behavioral symptoms between two subgroups of autistic children based on γδT cells-derived IFN-γ Levels: A preliminary study. Xu XJ, Lang JD, Yang J, et al. Bacteroides xylanisolvensBifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
International journal of molecular sciences · 2022 Shotgun Metagenomics Study Suggests Alteration in Sulfur Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Children with Autism and Improvement after Microbiota Transfer Therapy. Nirmalkar K, Qureshi F, Kang DW, et al. Bifidobacterium bifidum PubMed ↗
Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2022 Altered gut microbiota correlates with behavioral problems but not gastrointestinal symptoms in individuals with autism. Chen YC, Lin HY, Chien Y, et al. [Ruminococcus] torquesIntestinimonas butyriciproducensPhocaeicola plebeius PubMed ↗
Scientific reports · 2021 Commercial microbiota test revealed differences in the composition of intestinal microorganisms between children with autism spectrum disorders and neurotypical peers. Jendraszak M, Gałęcka M, Kotwicka M, et al. Akkermansia muciniphilaEscherichia coliFaecalibacterium prausnitzii PubMed ↗
Food research international · 2021 Effect of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic on the gut microbiota of autistic children using an in vitro gut microbiome model. Duque ALRF, Demarqui FM, Santoni MM, et al. Bifidobacterium longum PubMed ↗
Animal study The ISME journal · 2026 Fecal microbiota transplantation and Akkermansia muciniphila restore neurodevelopment and behavior via the gut-brain axis in autism-like zebrafish. Jia PP, Li Y, Yang HY, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila PubMed ↗