Its ID gene (16S) · each bar is one letter A C G T NCBI 16S
What's this?
Zoomed in: letters 115–138
  1. G
  2. G
  3. G
  4. C
  5. T
  6. G
  7. G
  8. A
  9. G
  10. T
  11. G
  12. C
  13. G
  14. G
  15. T
  16. A
  17. G
  18. G
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  20. G
  21. A
  22. G
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  24. C

Its ID gene: the stretch scientists read to tell microbes apart. Each bar is one letter of its DNA. Every species has its own order of letters, so the pattern works like a fingerprint. Close relatives share most of it.

16S rRNA gene, V4 region: the 253 letters between the standard primers (515F/806R), which are the same in every species. One reference sequence; strains can differ by a letter or two. NCBI NR_043438.1

NCBI Taxonomy 28025 Plate · Actinomycetota

Bifidobacterium animalis

Formerly Bifidobacterium lactis.

  • Can make lactic acid
  • Can ferment fiber
  • Can eat inulin
Also known as Bifidobacterium lactis
Lab traits Gram +Rod-shapedNon-motileAnaerobe Lab-tested · BacDive
The whole of its DNA, to scale

Its genome

Genome · 1.9 million letters · 61% G+C
Shortest we have Mycoplasmoides genitalium 0.6M
⋮ 238 shorter
Bifidobacterium animalis 1.9M
Bifidobacterium average 2.3M
⋮ 2,113 longer
Longest we have Bradyrhizobium altum 9.8M

Among the smallest for a gut microbe: longer than 10% of the 2,354 we have genomes for.

61% G+C, higher than 76% of gut microbes.

To scale: if its ID gene were 1 cm long, its genome would stretch 13 meters. Yours would stretch 21 kilometers. One reference genome; strains vary. NCBI GCF_000022965.1

Capabilities, not measurements of anyone's gut

What it can do

Makes
  • Can make lactic acid What yogurt bacteria make; other microbes turn it into butyrate.
  • Can make B vitamins Folate, B12, riboflavin and others.
Eats
  • Can ferment fiber Breaks down dietary fiber that our own enzymes can't.
  • Can eat inulin A fiber in onions, garlic, leeks, chicory and bananas (also sold as FOS).
  • Can use lactose The sugar in milk and dairy.
Changes
  • Can change bile acids Modifies the bile acids the liver makes to digest fat.

Not seen in its genomes: make butyrate, make propionate, eat resistant starch, eat pectin, feed on gut mucus, make hydrogen sulfide, make methane.

All 13 capabilities and their evidence
CapabilityVerdict Genome analysis Lab tests Published research
Can make butyrateNot seen0 of 17 genomes—No papers
Can make propionateNot seen0 of 17 genomes—No papers
Can make lactic acidCan17 of 17 genomes—No papers
Can ferment fiberCan17 of 17 genomes6 of 7 strains · strip test Papers say yes
Can eat inulinCan1 of 17 genomes0 of 3 strains · strip test Papers say yes
Can eat resistant starchNot seen0 of 17 genomes—No papers
Can eat pectinNot seen0 of 17 genomes—No papers
Can use lactoseCan17 of 17 genomes3 of 5 strains No papers
Can feed on gut mucusNot seen0 of 17 genomes—No papers
Can change bile acidsCan7 of 17 genomes—Papers say yes
Can make B vitaminsCan17 of 17 genomes—Papers say yes
Can make hydrogen sulfideNot seen0 of 17 genomes—No papers
Can make methaneNot seen0 of 17 genomes—No papers

AGORA2 (Heinken et al. 2023) via VMH, CC BY 4.0 · BacDive (DSMZ), CC BY 4.0 · NJC19 (Lim et al., Scientific Data 2020), CC0

What’s typical · a description, not a comparison

In healthy guts

Everyone · 12,213 people · 129 studies
How common

Found in 7.4% of healthy people.

How big a slice of the gut
  1. largest Segatella copri 6.2%
  2. 2nd largest Phocaeicola vulgatus 5.0%
  3. 3rd largest Faecalibacterium prausnitzii 4.7%
  4. 4th largest Bacteroides uniformis 3.2%
  5. 5th largest Agathobacter rectalis 2.5%
  6. 6th largest Alistipes putredinis 2.3%
  7. 7th largest Bifidobacterium longum 2.1%
  8. 8th largest Ruminococcus bromii 1.8%
  9. top 10% Bifidobacterium animalis 0.05%
  10. 2,169 other microbes, each a sliver 56.6%
  11. 15.6%

On average, 0.05% of the microbes in a healthy gut: larger than 90% of species’ slices.

By age and sex

Every group, drawn the same way. Only some samples record age or sex, so each group says how many people it comes from. Tap one to see it above.

By age
367 people · 5.7% carry it 0.05% of the microbes top 20%
198 people · 5 studies 2.0% carry it under 0.01% of the microbes
57 people · 1.8% carry it under 0.01% of the microbes
1,283 people · 27 studies 7.7% carry it 0.04% of the microbes top 15%
142 people · 15 studies 2.8% carry it under 0.01% of the microbes
By sex
2,063 people · 6.3% carry it 0.03% of the microbes top 20%
1,530 people · 29 studies 4.2% carry it 0.04% of the microbes top 20%

Where these numbers come from

Who
12,213 healthy people from 129 studies in GMrepo, by its own “Health” label. Whole-genome sequencing only; one sample is one person.
How common
The share of them whose sample has any of it.
Slice
Its average share of the microbes in a healthy gut, across everyone, carriers or not. The slices add up to 84.4%: the rest is reads GMrepo couldn’t place at this rank, shown as “Not identified to a species”.
Age and sex
From the samples that record them (about 17% record an age and 29% a sex). A group with fewer than 50 people isn’t shown.
Ranks
A slice’s rank is a place among the 2,178 microbes we have numbers for, within the group shown: exact in the top 10, then rounded bands.
Analysis
Ours, of GMrepo’s per-sample data. GMrepo on Data sources
The 129 studies behind these numbers

Largest first by people. Each is a GMrepo project.

StudyPeopleWith ageWith sex
A study in the United States PRJNA695570 ↗ 1,767 0 1,759
A study in Japan PRJNA1077400 ↗ 1,268 0 0
A study in Spain PRJEB61680 ↗ 839 0 0
Zhong et al. 2019 · the Netherlands PRJEB26795 ↗ 572 0 0
A study in the Netherlands PRJNA942468 ↗ 517 0 0
Shang et al. 2021 · Australia PRJNA492716 ↗ 370 0 84
A study in the United States PRJNA398089 ↗ 363 237 363
A study in the United States PRJNA795985 ↗ 290 0 0
Zhang et al. 2022 · China PRJNA801051 ↗ 239 0 0
A study in Ireland PRJEB46398 ↗ 237 0 0
Valles-Colomer et al. 2023 · Italy PRJEB63351 ↗ 225 0 0
A study in the United States PRJNA633576 ↗ 225 223 0
Lee et al. 2024 · the United Kingdom PRJEB52380 ↗ 177 0 0
A study in the United States PRJEB37924 ↗ 164 0 0
A study in China PRJNA542578 ↗ 151 0 0
A study in the United States PRJNA993675 ↗ 142 142 142
Lee et al. 2022 · South Korea PRJEB45443 ↗ 112 0 0
A study in China PRJEB65297 ↗ 111 0 0
A study in India PRJNA397112 ↗ 110 110 0
A study in Japan PRJDB13214 ↗ 105 0 0
A study in China PRJNA686835 ↗ 104 0 0
A study in China PRJNA763023 ↗ 100 0 0
A study in China PRJNA994318 ↗ 100 0 0
A study in the United States PRJEB28543 ↗ 96 96 96
A study in Italy PRJNA716780 ↗ 94 94 94
A study in China PRJNA509999 ↗ 93 0 0
A study in the United States PRJNA878603 ↗ 92 92 92
Guo et al. 2023 · the United States PRJNA751448 ↗ 91 91 91
A study in China PRJNA793776 ↗ 89 89 89
A study in China PRJNA888860 ↗ 88 0 0
A study in Ireland PRJEB15388 ↗ 85 0 0
A study in China PRJNA731589 ↗ 85 85 0
A study in Israel PRJNA994433 ↗ 80 80 0
A study in Canada PRJNA521587 ↗ 79 78 79
La Reau et al. 2023 · the United States PRJNA917645 ↗ 76 0 0
Pomyen et al. 2023 · Thailand PRJNA932948 ↗ 76 0 76
A study in the United States PRJEB53403 ↗ 75 45 45
Eriksen et al. 2023 · Sweden PRJNA633381 ↗ 74 0 0
A study in China PRJNA356102 ↗ 72 0 0
A study in China PRJNA689961 ↗ 70 0 0
A study in China PRJNA449784 ↗ 69 0 0
Duru et al. 2024 · Finland PRJEB59350 ↗ 66 0 0
Roth-Schulze et al. 2021 · Australia PRJNA604850 ↗ 66 66 48
Wan et al. 2024 · China PRJNA1037036 ↗ 64 64 64
A study in China PRJNA686821 ↗ 64 0 0
Fulcher et al. 2022 · the United States PRJNA836336 ↗ 64 0 0
Hu et al. 2023 · China PRJNA893406 ↗ 64 0 0
A study in Italy PRJNA553191 ↗ 62 0 0
Wilson et al. 2024 · the United States PRJEB59709 ↗ 59 0 0
A study in the United States PRJNA822660 ↗ 58 58 58
A study in the United States PRJNA314903 ↗ 50 0 0
A study in the United States PRJNA379741 ↗ 50 0 50
A study in China PRJNA674716 ↗ 50 0 0
A study in China PRJNA762484 ↗ 49 20 21
Yan et al. 2023 · China PRJNA808806 ↗ 48 0 0
Stockdale et al. 2022 · Ireland PRJNA813736 ↗ 48 40 41
Tao et al. 2025 · China PRJNA1135717 ↗ 47 0 0
A study in the United States PRJNA660443 ↗ 44 0 0
A study in China PRJNA946183 ↗ 44 0 0
A study in China PRJNA530971 ↗ 43 0 0
Ye et al. 2023 · China PRJNA853814 ↗ 42 42 0
A study in China PRJNA943232 ↗ 42 42 42
A study in the United Kingdom PRJEB17978 ↗ 41 0 0
A study in China PRJNA588035 ↗ 39 0 0
A study in China PRJNA349463 ↗ 33 0 0
A study in India PRJNA531203 ↗ 31 0 0
A study in Switzerland PRJEB24557 ↗ 30 0 0
A study in India PRJNA792685 ↗ 30 0 0
A study in China PRJNA808649 ↗ 30 30 30
Pötgens et al. 2024 · Belgium PRJNA813705 ↗ 30 0 0
Grion et al. 2024 · Spain PRJNA961076 ↗ 30 0 0
A study in Canada PRJEB21933 ↗ 29 0 0
A study PRJEB32767 ↗ 29 0 0
A study in the United States PRJEB53401 ↗ 29 29 29
A study in Poland PRJNA1125836 ↗ 28 28 28
Chen et al. 2023 · China PRJEB55711 ↗ 27 0 0
A study in the United States PRJNA629755 ↗ 27 0 0
A study in China PRJNA818062 ↗ 27 0 0
Wang et al. 2023 · China PRJNA905444 ↗ 27 0 0
A study in Spain PRJEB62571 ↗ 26 0 0
A study in China PRJNA769284 ↗ 26 0 0
Lv et al. 2024 · China PRJEB52189 ↗ 25 0 0
Xiao et al. 2024 · China PRJNA938297 ↗ 25 25 25
A study in Germany PRJEB76677 ↗ 24 0 0
Elie et al. 2023 · France PRJNA648321 ↗ 24 0 0
A study in Mali PRJNA936589 ↗ 24 0 0
A study in the United States PRJNA1044118 ↗ 23 0 0
A study in Turkey PRJNA1167935 ↗ 23 0 0
A study in Russia PRJNA762199 ↗ 23 23 23
Ievina et al. 2024 · Latvia PRJEB80379 ↗ 22 0 0
A study in China PRJNA896336 ↗ 22 0 0
A study in China PRJNA688881 ↗ 21 0 0
Edwinson et al. 2022 · the United States PRJNA705217 ↗ 21 21 21
A study in France PRJEB55534 ↗ 20 0 0
A study in Canada PRJNA1022308 ↗ 20 0 0
A study in China PRJNA1138893 ↗ 20 0 0
Schaefer et al. 2022 · the United States PRJNA800662 ↗ 20 0 0
Ding et al. 2023 · China PRJNA999028 ↗ 20 0 0
A study in the United States PRJEB42155 ↗ 18 0 0
A study in Japan PRJNA665854 ↗ 18 0 0
A study in Canada PRJNA742740 ↗ 17 0 0
Stockdale et al. 2022 · the United States PRJNA626004 ↗ 16 0 0
A study in China PRJNA858062 ↗ 16 16 16
A study in China PRJNA429990 ↗ 15 0 0
Wan et al. 2019 · China PRJNA532538 ↗ 15 0 0
A study in China PRJNA624223 ↗ 15 15 15
A study in the United States PRJNA634145 ↗ 15 15 15
A study in China PRJNA734379 ↗ 15 0 15
Sadeghi et al. 2024 · France PRJEB70916 ↗ 14 14 14
A study in Singapore PRJNA272371 ↗ 14 14 14
A study in India PRJNA983946 ↗ 14 14 14
A study in Sweden PRJEB38997 ↗ 13 0 0
Seishima et al. 2019 · Japan PRJNA511372 ↗ 13 0 0
A study in China PRJEB54728 ↗ 12 0 0
A study in Switzerland PRJEB13835 ↗ 11 0 0
A study in Japan PRJNA846495 ↗ 11 0 0
Joensen et al. 2017 · Denmark PRJEB14038 ↗ 10 0 0
A study in the United Kingdom PRJEB53891 ↗ 10 0 0
A study in Iran PRJNA1050885 ↗ 10 0 0
A study in China PRJNA730640 ↗ 10 0 0
A study in Israel PRJNA939026 ↗ 10 9 0
Ye et al. 2023 · China PRJNA993632 ↗ 10 0 0
A study in China PRJNA1024678 ↗ 9 0 0
Wang et al. 2024 · Switzerland PRJNA363003 ↗ 9 0 0
A study in the United States PRJNA613834 ↗ 9 0 0
A study in the United States PRJNA896226 ↗ 8 0 0
A study in Spain PRJNA1029046 ↗ 7 0 0
A study in China PRJNA492189 ↗ 5 0 0
A study in France PRJNA287878 ↗ 2 0 0
Compared within studies that had both

In conditions

Compared with healthy people in the same studies, it’s less common in 1 condition and more common in none. Only studies that had both are counted.

A difference is an association: it doesn’t mean this microbe causes, prevents or treats any of these.

Strongest first, then the biggest gap · Each figure is 10 people
  1. Psoriasis 103 people · 2 studies Less common in people with it Healthy 36% With it 7.8%

Where these numbers come from

Studies
Only GMrepo projects that had people with the condition and healthy people, 10 or more of each. Numbers come from those studies, never from pooling.
How common
The share of people whose sample has any of it, in the people with the condition and in the healthy people of those same studies. Tested within studies (Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel, corrected for testing many microbes); a difference counts when it is clear and meaningful (Cohen’s h of 0.2 or more).
Strength word
Counted by code from how many studies point the same way: Seen again and again (3 or more, none clearly the other way), Seen more than once (2, the majority), Seen once (1, listed last). Where studies disagree, a row isn’t listed.
Each study
Tap a row for every study’s own numbers, and for how much carriers have.
Analysis
Our analysis of GMrepo data. GMrepo on Data sources · Read the rules
Fig. 1 · By how people live

In studies of how people live

All factors →

“Higher” is the study’s measure: on average, a bigger share of gut bacteria across everyone in the group, carriers or not. It isn’t how many people carry it. An association the authors report, measured once per person. It doesn’t mean a diet changes this microbe, or that the microbe affects health.

PubMed · human studies and reviews first

Recent research

All research on it
  1. PubMed ↗
  2. PubMed ↗
  3. PubMed ↗
  4. PubMed ↗
  5. PubMed ↗

Source: PubMed, U.S. National Library of Medicine · 1,339 linked papers, last 10 years

In people · from PubMed and product labels

Strains studied

How much each strain has been studied in people, not whether it works. Many trials test a strain inside a blend, so those are counted apart, and reviews are summaries of trials, so they're never counted as more trials.

59 strains of B. animalis are named on product labels. 20 have human trials; 39 have none found yet, including BL818, which is in 18 products.

  1. B. animalis BB-12

    also DSM 15954 In 39 products →
    123 human trials · 15 reviews 55 single-strain · 68 in blends
  2. B. animalis HN019

    also DR10 In 142 products →
    38 human trials · 3 reviews 18 single-strain · 20 in blends
  3. B. animalis Bi-07

    also Bl-07 In 139 products → Hide papers ▴
    19 human trials 3 single-strain · 16 in blends
  4. B. animalis Bl-04

    also BI-04 In 387 products →
    17 human trials 6 single-strain · 11 in blends
  5. B. animalis BLa80

    In 1 product →
    9 human trials 6 single-strain · 3 in blends
  6. 8 human trials 0 single-strain · 8 in blends
  7. B. animalis CUL-34

    In 143 products →
    7 human trials · 1 review 2 single-strain · 5 in blends
  8. 7 human trials · 1 review 5 single-strain · 2 in blends
  9. B. animalis UABla-12

    In 87 products →
    5 human trials 0 single-strain · 5 in blends
  10. 5 human trials 1 single-strain · 4 in blends
  11. 5 human trials 0 single-strain · 5 in blends
  12. B. animalis CECT 8145

    In 2 products →
    4 human trials · 3 reviews 3 single-strain · 1 in blends
  13. B. animalis B-420

    In 23 products →
    3 human trials 3 single-strain · 0 in blends
    Studied for ObesityOverweight
  14. B. animalis Bb-02

    In 8 products →
    2 human trials 0 single-strain · 2 in blends
  15. B. animalis Bl050

    In 3 products →
    2 human trials 0 single-strain · 2 in blends
  16. B. animalis NCC-2818

    In 1 product →
    2 human trials 2 single-strain · 0 in blends
  17. B. animalis SD-5219

    In 31 products →
    1 human trial 0 single-strain · 1 in blends
  18. B. animalis SD-5220

    In 7 products →
    1 human trial 1 single-strain · 0 in blends
  19. B. animalis BLC1

    In 3 products →
    1 human trial 0 single-strain · 1 in blends
    Studied for Constipation
  20. B. animalis BPL1

    In 1 product →
    1 human trial 1 single-strain · 0 in blends
  21. 39 more strains with no human trials found yet · together in 142 products
    1. B. animalis BL818

      In 18 products →

      No human trials found yet

    2. B. animalis CUL-62

      In 13 products →

      No human trials found yet

    3. B. animalis HA-194

      In 12 products →

      No human trials found yet

    4. B. animalis BA05

      In 11 products →

      No human trials found yet

    5. B. animalis VPBA-4

      In 11 products →

      No human trials found yet

    6. B. animalis VP-110

      In 10 products →

      No human trials found yet

    7. B. animalis VP-111

      In 10 products →

      No human trials found yet

    8. B. animalis SD-5859

      In 9 products →

      No human trials found yet

    9. B. animalis UABIa-12

      In 9 products →

      No human trials found yet

    10. B. animalis B42L

      In 7 products →

      No human trials found yet

    11. B. animalis HN-19

      In 6 products →

      No human trials found yet

    12. B. animalis NCIMB 30172

      In 6 products →

      No human trials found yet

    13. B. animalis SD-5674

      In 6 products →

      No human trials found yet

    14. B. animalis BS-1

      In 5 products →

      No human trials found yet

    15. B. animalis ATCC SD5219

      In 4 products →

      No human trials found yet

    16. B. animalis BA-5

      In 4 products →

      No human trials found yet

    17. B. animalis VK2

      In 4 products →

      No human trials found yet

    18. B. animalis A026

      In 2 products →

      No human trials found yet

    19. B. animalis ATCC SD6870

      In 2 products →

      No human trials found yet

    20. B. animalis Bb-04

      In 2 products →

      No human trials found yet

    21. B. animalis BIF-OLAC-12

      In 2 products →

      No human trials found yet

    22. B. animalis LMG P-29510

      In 2 products →

      No human trials found yet

    23. B. animalis R101-8

      In 2 products →

      No human trials found yet

    24. B. animalis B1-04

      In 1 product →

      No human trials found yet

    25. B. animalis B1C1

      In 1 product →

      No human trials found yet

    26. B. animalis BL-2211

      In 1 product →

      No human trials found yet

    27. B. animalis BL-3

      In 1 product →

      No human trials found yet

    28. B. animalis BLa8o

      In 1 product →

      No human trials found yet

    29. B. animalis CUL-69

      In 1 product →

      No human trials found yet

    30. B. animalis H9019

      In 1 product →

      No human trials found yet

    31. B. animalis HRVD524-US

      In 1 product →

      No human trials found yet

    32. B. animalis KB-63

      In 1 product →

      No human trials found yet

    33. B. animalis LAFTI 894

      In 1 product →

      No human trials found yet

    34. B. animalis SD-150-BE

      In 1 product →

      No human trials found yet

    35. B. animalis UABla-1

      In 1 product →

      No human trials found yet

    36. B. animalis UABla-20

      In 1 product →

      No human trials found yet

    37. B. animalis VP-86

      In 1 product →

      No human trials found yet

    38. B. animalis VP-92

      In 1 product →

      No human trials found yet

    39. B. animalis VP-94

      In 1 product →

      No human trials found yet

Human trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews naming the strain · animal and lab studies not counted · Data sources

On the shelf

Products that contain it

See all 1,443 →