No field note yet

Alcohol

How much alcohol people drink in a week, and wine in particular.

3 studies · newest 2025
New: Koponen 2025, 4,575 people

What's here so far

No field note has been written for alcohol yet, so this page doesn't describe what studies found. It lists the 3 studies with results for alcohol microbe by microbe, which a field note will draw on.

Who's been studied

WhereFinland · Netherlands

How many3 studies · 6,000 people

HowEach person measured once

The studies

● measured once■ followed the same people▲ a trialsize = people

Associations of alcohol with the human gut microbiome and prospective health outcomes in the FINRISK 2002 cohort European Journal of Nutrition · 2025 · Koponen 2025 · PubMed ↗ 4,575 people · FINRISK 2002, Finland · Finland
Each person measured once · Shotgun sequencing
Cited in our own words · CC BY 4.0 Competing interests One author advises, consults for or holds equity in several microbiome companies (BiomeSense, GenCirq, DayTwo, Cybele, Biota, Micronoma); one received speaking fees from Servier and AstraZeneca; one collaborated with Bayer outside this study.

Long-term dietary patterns are associated with pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory features of the gut microbiome Gut · 2021 · Bolte 2021 · PubMed ↗ 1,425 people · 2 cohorts · Netherlands
Each person measured once · Shotgun sequencing
Per-microbe tables open · CC BY 4.0 Competing interests Some authors consulted for, or received grants or speaker fees from, pharmaceutical companies (Takeda, Johnson and Johnson, AbbVie, MSD, Olympus, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Pfizer). None from the food industry.

Population-based metagenomics analysis reveals markers for gut microbiome composition and diversity Science · 2016 · Zhernakova 2016 · PubMed ↗ 1,135 people · LifeLines-DEEP, northern Netherlands · Netherlands
Each person measured once · Shotgun sequencing
Cited in our own words · Author manuscript under the publisher's terms Competing interests None declared.